The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 8 pps

... or truck. The vacuum pump creates a vacuum in the tank and the oil moves directly through a hose or pipe to the tank from the skimmer or the source of the oil. The oil does not go through the pump, ... of hydrocarbon fuels. Often the equipment at refineries cannot handle oils with debris, excessive amounts of water, or other contaminants and the cost of pre-t...

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... These properties influence how the oil behaves when it is spilled and determine the effects of the oil on living organisms in the environment. These properties also influence the efficiency of cleanup ... versa. In the United States, the price of a specific oil may be based on its API gravity, as well as other properties of the oil. Solubility in water is t...

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... by the force of gravity and the interfacial tension between oil and water. The viscosity of the oil opposes these forces. As time passes, the effect of gravity on the oil diminishes, but the ... can remove the bulk of the oil. In 1993, the oil from a stricken ship, the Braer , dispersed almost entirely as a result of high seas off Scotland at the...

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... thickness of the oil slick contained by the boom, and the depth of the skirt and position of the boom in relation to the direction of the current. For most oils, when the boom is at right angles to the ... enhancer consists of a nontoxic polymer in the form of micro-springs, or coiled molecular forms, which increase the adhesion of one portion of the...

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... to an oil spill and significantly reduce the environmental impact and severity of the spill. The purpose of contingency plans is to coordinate all aspects of the response to an oil spill. This ... serious. As the seriousness of an incident is often not known in the initial phases, one of the first priorities is to determine the magnitude of the spill and...

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... washing over the top of the boom. The term freeboard is also used to refer to the height from the water line to the top of the boom. The skirt is the portion of the boom below the floats or ... piece of equipment for containing an oil spill on water. Booms are generally the first equipment mobi- lized at a spill and are often used throughout the ope...

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... oil. Removing water from the recovered oil can be as difficult as the initial recovery. Effectiveness depends on a variety of factors including the type of oil spilled, the properties of the oil ... percentage of oil in the recovered product. The higher the value, the lower the amount of water and thus the better the sorbent’s performance. ©2000 by...

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... bioenhancement agents to oil spilled on land can enhance the removal rate of the saturate and some of the aromatic fraction of the oil, so that as much as 40% of the oil is degraded in time periods ... detected by the rapid clearance of the oil in the dispersant drop zone without the formation of the usual white to coffee-coloured plume in the water co...

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... technique, the integrity of the source of the spill and the possibility of further spillage is always a priority. If there is any possibility that the fire could flash back to the source of the spill, ... maintaining the safety of both spill workers and the source of the spill. The potential for the use of in-situ burning must be determined base...

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... amount of oil, the degree of weathering of the oil, both before it reaches the shoreline and while on the shoreline, the temperature, the state of the tide when the oil washes onshore, the type of ... and slope, will often dictate the fate of the oil. If large amounts of oil are not retained in the intertidal zone, then the oil will have less i...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20