The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 6 potx

... washing over the top of the boom. The term freeboard is also used to refer to the height from the water line to the top of the boom. The skirt is the portion of the boom below the floats or ... piece of equipment for containing an oil spill on water. Booms are generally the first equipment mobi- lized at a spill and are often used throughout the ope...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... much on the thickness of the oil, type of oil, surface type, and many other factors. **This is the percentage of oil in the recovered product. The higher the value, the lower the amount of water ... much on the thickness of the oil, type of oil, sea state, and many other factors. **This is the percentage of oil in the recovered product. The high...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... bioenhancement agents to oil spilled on land can enhance the removal rate of the saturate and some of the aromatic fraction of the oil, so that as much as 40% of the oil is degraded in time periods ... detected by the rapid clearance of the oil in the dispersant drop zone without the formation of the usual white to coffee-coloured plume in the water co...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... Both the properties of the oil and the nature of the soil materials affect how rapidly the oil penetrates the soil and how much the oil adheres to the soil. For example, a low viscosity oil penetrates ... down-gradient from the spill, or in the direction in which the spill is flowing, to catch the flow of oil. They are placed just below the depth o...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... to an oil spill and significantly reduce the environmental impact and severity of the spill. The purpose of contingency plans is to coordinate all aspects of the response to an oil spill. This ... serious. As the seriousness of an incident is often not known in the initial phases, one of the first priorities is to determine the magnitude of the spill and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... These properties influence how the oil behaves when it is spilled and determine the effects of the oil on living organisms in the environment. These properties also influence the efficiency of cleanup ... versa. In the United States, the price of a specific oil may be based on its API gravity, as well as other properties of the oil. Solubility in water is t...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... by the force of gravity and the interfacial tension between oil and water. The viscosity of the oil opposes these forces. As time passes, the effect of gravity on the oil diminishes, but the ... can remove the bulk of the oil. In 1993, the oil from a stricken ship, the Braer , dispersed almost entirely as a result of high seas off Scotland at the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... or truck. The vacuum pump creates a vacuum in the tank and the oil moves directly through a hose or pipe to the tank from the skimmer or the source of the oil. The oil does not go through the pump, ... of hydrocarbon fuels. Often the equipment at refineries cannot handle oils with debris, excessive amounts of water, or other contaminants and the cost of pre-t...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... technique, the integrity of the source of the spill and the possibility of further spillage is always a priority. If there is any possibility that the fire could flash back to the source of the spill, ... maintaining the safety of both spill workers and the source of the spill. The potential for the use of in-situ burning must be determined base...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... amount of oil, the degree of weathering of the oil, both before it reaches the shoreline and while on the shoreline, the temperature, the state of the tide when the oil washes onshore, the type of ... composition, the type and sensitivity of biota on the beach, and the steepness of the shore. Other important factors are the existence of a high t...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20