The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 2 docx

... computerized oil spill models so that the impact of an oil spill on the environment can be projected. Other types of studies that might be included in the sensitivity map are: area- specific response ... to an oil spill and significantly reduce the environmental impact and severity of the spill. The purpose of contingency plans is to coordinate all aspects of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... These properties influence how the oil behaves when it is spilled and determine the effects of the oil on living organisms in the environment. These properties also influence the efficiency of cleanup ... versa. In the United States, the price of a specific oil may be based on its API gravity, as well as other properties of the oil. Solubility in water is t...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... by the force of gravity and the interfacial tension between oil and water. The viscosity of the oil opposes these forces. As time passes, the effect of gravity on the oil diminishes, but the ... strongly influ- encing how oil is moved in the environment and vice versa. These processes depend very much on the type of oil spilled and the weather conditions d...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... portion of the boom above the water, which prevents oil from washing over the top of the boom. The term freeboard is also used to refer to the height from the water line to the top of the boom. The ... skirt is the portion of the boom below the floats or flotation that helps to contain the oil. It is usually made of the same types of fabric as t...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... much on the thickness of the oil, type of oil, surface type, and many other factors. **This is the percentage of oil in the recovered product. The higher the value, the lower the amount of water ... oil. Removing water from the recovered oil can be as difficult as the initial recovery. Effectiveness depends on a variety of factors including the type of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... or truck. The vacuum pump creates a vacuum in the tank and the oil moves directly through a hose or pipe to the tank from the skimmer or the source of the oil. The oil does not go through the pump, ... of hydrocarbon fuels. Often the equipment at refineries cannot handle oils with debris, excessive amounts of water, or other contaminants and the cost of pre-t...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... bioenhancement agents to oil spilled on land can enhance the removal rate of the saturate and some of the aromatic fraction of the oil, so that as much as 40% of the oil is degraded in time periods ... detected by the rapid clearance of the oil in the dispersant drop zone without the formation of the usual white to coffee-coloured plume in the water co...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... technique, the integrity of the source of the spill and the possibility of further spillage is always a priority. If there is any possibility that the fire could flash back to the source of the spill, ... maintaining the safety of both spill workers and the source of the spill. The potential for the use of in-situ burning must be determined base...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... at the time the oil is deposited on the shoreline, such as weather and waves. These factors include the type and amount of oil, the degree of weathering of the oil, both before it reaches the ... and slope, will often dictate the fate of the oil. If large amounts of oil are not retained in the intertidal zone, then the oil will have less impact on the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... the properties of the oil and the nature of the soil materials affect how rapidly the oil penetrates the soil and how much the oil adheres to the soil. For example, a low viscosity oil penetrates ... to 2 Dry Grassland 1 to 5 1 to 2 1 Forest 2 to 20 2 to 5 1 to 3 Wetland 5 to 30 3 to 20 2 to 10 Taiga 3 to 20 2 to 10 2 to 8 Tundra 3 to 10 2 to 8 1...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20