Ecological Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites - Chapter 8 doc

... play a different role in ecological risk assessments than they do in human health risk assessments. For human health risk assessments, remediation depends on the land-use scenario because land ... PRGs based on ecological risk or even what level of protection is analogous to the 10 -6 risk for human carcinogens. (See Section 9.2.3 for a discussion of balancing health...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... as much care. 2.1 RISK MANAGERS AND RISK ASSESSORS The primary purpose of performing ecological risk assessments for contaminated sites is to provide information needed for a decision concerning ... 2.3 Criteria for Selection of Assessment Endpoints for Ecological Risk Assessments 1. Policy goals and societal values — Because the risks to the assessment e...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... “Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment is broad and includes physical stressors, risks associated with CERCLA remediation are not a focus of the document (EPA, 19 98) . Nonetheless, the Ecological Risk ... multiple contami- nated sites require remediation. The process of prioritizing these sites should incor- porate principles of ecological risk assessment. For exampl...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... concern. In a retrospective risk assess- ment for a contaminated site, it is rarely necessary to model chemical transport and fate in soil. An exception is the risk assessment for a future scenario ... (without shell) 82 4.5 Crabs (with shell) 74 6.1 Shrimp 78 3.3 Isopods, amphipods 71 80 Cladocerans 79 87 Aquatic vertebrates Bony fishes 75 5.1 Pacific herring 68 3.9 Aquatic pl...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... 34 Anguiliformes Gasterosteiformes 8 16 24 Anguiliformes Atheriniformes 46 9 12 Atheriniformes Cypriniformes 7 501 b 786 b Atheriniformes Tetraodontiformes 46 13 17 Atheriniformes Perciformes 1 48 25 ... used for wildlife extrapolations, and is discussed at length in the wildlife section, below. Siluriformes Perciformes 190 63 83 Anguiliformes Tetraodontiformes 12 13 18 Anguiliforme...

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... applied to dioxin-like compounds. Generation of 7-ethoxyre- sorufin- o -deethylase (EROD) in rat hepatoma cell cultures has been used as a bioassay for 2,3,7 , 8- TCDD-equivalents (TCDD-EQs) in the ... as individuals, most risk manage- ment decisions for wildlife are based on population-level effects. Therefore, for the results of the risk characterization to be of use for ris...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... adjunct to risk assessment, NRDA and ecological risk assessment practices may converge. The NRDA process is particularly problematical for federal agencies that have contaminated sites for which ... as tiered assessments with increasingly rigorous analysis. NRDAs might benefit from the logic of the ecological risk framework and from the ability to adopt risk assessments...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... 2000 by CRC Press LLC Emlen, J. M. 1 989 . Terrestrial population models for ecological risk assessment: A state-of- the-art review. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 8: 831 84 2. Emmerling, C., K. Krause, and ... 97/ 98: 815 82 5. Chapman, P. M., A. Fairbrother, and D. Brown. 19 98. A critical evaluation of safety (uncer- tainty) factors for ecological risk assessment. Environ. Toxic...

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... down the food web’’ effect, where higher- trophic-level species are replaced with more productive lower-trophic-level species (Figure 8. 8). From the mid-1970s the catches have been decreasing, ... productive, lower-trophic-level catches of prey fishes in return for the loss of less productive, higher-trophic-level Copyright © 2005 by Taylor & Francis Fishing pressure, notably by habit...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... m 3 /s 0 10 20 30 1 - 1 1 982 1 983 1 984 1 985 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 Time, Day (a) Observation Calculation Discharge, m 3 /s 0 10 20 1 - 1 1 986 1 987 1 - 1 Time, Day (b) Observation Calculation FIGURE 8. 3 Observed ... data from 1 986 to 1 987 for model validation. Additionally, nine hourly ood events are cho- sen for the model simulation. The calibrated paramet...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20