Ecological Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites - Chapter 4 potx

... below. Siluriformes Perciformes 190 63 83 Anguiliformes Tetraodontiformes 12 13 18 Anguiliformes Perciformes 34 25 34 Anguiliformes Gasterosteiformes 8 16 24 Anguiliformes Atheriniformes 46 9 12 Atheriniformes ... 12 Atheriniformes Cypriniformes 7 501 b 786 b Atheriniformes Tetraodontiformes 46 13 17 Atheriniformes Perciformes 148 25 33 Atheriniformes Gasterosteiformes 36 20 27 Gasterost...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... concern. In a retrospective risk assess- ment for a contaminated site, it is rarely necessary to model chemical transport and fate in soil. An exception is the risk assessment for a future scenario ... range for hunters (acres) HR c = home range for croppers (acres) (Note: 1 acre = 0 .40 47 ha = 40 47 m 2 ) More recent research by Harestad and Bunnell (1979) produced the fol...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... as much care. 2.1 RISK MANAGERS AND RISK ASSESSORS The primary purpose of performing ecological risk assessments for contaminated sites is to provide information needed for a decision concerning ... 2.3 Criteria for Selection of Assessment Endpoints for Ecological Risk Assessments 1. Policy goals and societal values — Because the risks to the assessment e...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... as individuals, most risk manage- ment decisions for wildlife are based on population-level effects. Therefore, for the results of the risk characterization to be of use for risk management, extrapolations from ... Bervoets et al. (1996). They found that the Σ TU for the four most toxic constituents based on 2 4- and 48 -h LC50s were predictive of 2 4- and 48 -h LC50s...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... effects Intermediate human health risk • Excess cancer risk between 10 -4 and 10 -6 De manifestis human health risk • Excess cancer risk greater than or equal to 10 -4 • Hazard quotient greater ... multiple contami- nated sites require remediation. The process of prioritizing these sites should incor- porate principles of ecological risk assessment....

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... play a different role in ecological risk assessments than they do in human health risk assessments. For human health risk assessments, remediation depends on the land-use scenario because land ... PRGs based on ecological risk or even what level of protection is analogous to the 10 -6 risk for human carcinogens. (See Section 9.2.3 for a discussion of balancing health...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... adjunct to risk assessment, NRDA and ecological risk assessment practices may converge. The NRDA process is particularly problematical for federal agencies that have contaminated sites for which ... of performing the assessment (Figure 10.1). Restoration costs and assessment costs may be controversial, if the responsible party believes that the trustee is performing a go...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... D. Goodman. 1994a. Risk- based decision making: an integrated approach for efficient site cleanup. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2 8 :46 6A -4 7 0A. Blacker, S. and D. Goodman. 1994b. Risk- based decision ... black-tailed jackrabbits. J. Range Manage . 41 :162–166. ASTM. 19 94. Emergency standard guide for risk- based corrective action applied to petroleum release sites. ES 3 8-9...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... –x –y y = x 3 y = x 3 y = x 2 y = x 2 x y Figure 4. 14 Table 4. 3 x 012 345 6789 y = x 0.5 0 1 1 .41 4 1.732 2 2.236 2 .44 9 2. 646 2.828 3 0 y 3 1 2 y = x 0.5 14 9 x Figure 4. 15 Table 4. 4 x 0 0.1 1 2 3 4 5 y = x −1 ∞ 10 1 0.5 ... heading label A4 0 Initial value for Q B4 =80*A4 – 0.2*A4^2 (The value 0 should appear) This formula calculates the value for TR that correspond...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 07:20

... Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment, EPA/630/R-95/002F, Risk Assessment Forum, Washington, D.C. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2003. Framework for Cumulative Risk Assessment, EPA/600/P-02/001F, ... 20 04 2 :45 PM © 2005 by CRC Press LLC Port Valdez. Detailed descriptions are given in Table 4. 1. in Table 4. 4. 68 REGIONAL SCALE ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSME...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21