Ecological Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites - Chapter 2 docx

... least as much care. 2. 1 RISK MANAGERS AND RISK ASSESSORS The primary purpose of performing ecological risk assessments for contaminated sites is to provide information needed for a decision concerning ... are listed in Box 2. 4. Classes of potential assessment endpoint entities are discussed below. BOX 2. 3 Criteria for Selection of Assessment Endpoints for...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... Rocky Flats, CO Pu -2 3 9 and Pu -2 4 0 0–3 cm: 11655 0–6 cm: 10101 0–9 cm: 8498 0– 12 cm: 7095 0–18 cm: 5001 0 24 cm: 3806 0–36 cm: 25 75 0–48 cm: 1935 0– 72 cm: 129 1 0–96 cm: 969 72 96 cm: 3.7 Litaor ... the following rela- tionships between body mass and home range in mammals: HR herb = 0.0 02 (BW) 1. 02 (3 .27 ) HR omn = 0.59 (BW) 0. 92 (3 .28 ) and HR carn = 0.11 (BW) 1.36 (...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... below. Siluriformes Perciformes 190 63 83 Anguiliformes Tetraodontiformes 12 13 18 Anguiliformes Perciformes 34 25 34 Anguiliformes Gasterosteiformes 8 16 24 Anguiliformes Atheriniformes 46 9 12 Atheriniformes ... Cypriniformes 7 501 b 786 b Atheriniformes Tetraodontiformes 46 13 17 Atheriniformes Perciformes 148 25 33 Atheriniformes Gasterosteiformes 36 20 27 Gasterosteiformes Tetra...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... applied to dioxin-like compounds. Generation of 7-ethoxyre- sorufin- o -deethylase (EROD) in rat hepatoma cell cultures has been used as a bioassay for 2, 3,7,8-TCDD-equivalents (TCDD-EQs) in the ... as individuals, most risk manage- ment decisions for wildlife are based on population-level effects. Therefore, for the results of the risk characterization to be of use for risk...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... multiple contami- nated sites require remediation. The process of prioritizing these sites should incor- porate principles of ecological risk assessment. For example, if all sites cannot be remediated ... necessary to use an ecological risk assessment framework that has been developed for multiple activities. The standard ecological risk assessment framework was dev...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... Land-use scenarios play a different role in ecological risk assessments than they do in human health risk assessments. For human health risk assessments, remediation depends on the land-use ... PRGs based on ecological risk or even what level of protection is analogous to the 10 -6 risk for human carcinogens. (See Section 9 .2. 3 for a discussion of balancing health...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... adjunct to risk assessment, NRDA and ecological risk assessment practices may converge. The NRDA process is particularly problematical for federal agencies that have contaminated sites for which ... expensive. 10 .2. 3 A SSESSMENT P HASE The assessment phase is equivalent to the analyses of exposure and effects and the risk characterization in a conventional...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... Agency). 1992a. Framework for Ecological Risk Assess- ment. EPA/630/R- 92/ 001. Risk Assessment Forum, Washington, D.C. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1992b. Dermal Exposure Assessment: ... abbreviated as GIS. © 20 00 by CRC Press LLC Emlen, J. M. 1989. Terrestrial population models for ecological risk assessment: A state-of- the-art review. Environ. Toxicol. C...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... abandoned landll sites are likely to fail in the long term, J. Environ. Quality, 22 (2) , 21 7 22 6. US EPA (1991). Design and Construction of RCRA/CERCLA Final Cover. EPA/ 625 / 4-9 1/ 025 , Ofce of Research ... leachate to meet site requirements. 2. 2 risk- BaseD/performanCe-BaseD remeDiation Previously, regulatory preference for use of design parameters contained in regula- t...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... used as strong ecological indicators for the water quality. 2. 2 .2 Level 2 Level 2 uses the ratio between class es of organisms. A characteristic example is Nyggard algae index. 2. 2.3 Level 3 Level ... detritus) and P i,a ¼ 20 À700g ½À 2: 6bÞ where g is the number of genes. Equation 2. 4 is reformulated to: c ieq % P ieq  c 0eq ½Moles L À3  2: 7Þ Equation 2. 7 and Equati...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22