Engineering Materials Vol II (microstructures processing design) 2nd ed - M Ashby D Jones (1999) WW Part 8 ppsx

... defect in the small volume subjected to the highest stresses is small. 18. 3 Modulus-of-rupture tests were done on samples of ceramic with dimensions l = 100 mm, b = d = 10 mm. The median value of ... Publishers, 1 982 . D. W. Richardson, Modern Ceramic Engineering, Marcel Dekker, 1 982 . Problems 18. 1 In order to test the strength of a ceramic, cylindrical specimens of length 25 mm an...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:22

... the interface is cooled to 35°C the speed is about 0.6 mm min −1 . At 30°C the speed is 2.3 mm min −1 . And the maximum growth speed, of 3.7 mm min −1 , is obtained at an interface temperature of 24°C ... good example to begin with is solidification – most metals are melted or solidi ed during manufacture, and we have already looked at two case studies involving solidi- fication (zone refining,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:22

... necessitates a different design approach (Chapter 27). Most polymers are made from oil; the technology needed to make them from coal is still poorly developed. But one should not assume that dependence ... this chapter we examine three cement pastes: the primitive pozzolana; the widespread Portland cement; and the newer, and somewhat discredited, high-alumina cement. And we con- sider the pro...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:22

... Morrell, Design with Non-Ductile Materials, Applied Science Publishers, 1 982 . D. W. Richardson, Modern Ceramic Engineering, Marcel Dekker, 1 982 . (d) Polymers DuPont Design Handbooks, DuPont de Nemours ... more demanding struc- tural applications, have design methods evolved. In designing with ductile materials, a safety-factor approach is used. Metals can be used under static loads w...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:22

... Engineering Materials 2 2.5 (a) Tin-rich solid plus lead-rich solid. (b) Liquid plus tin-rich solid. (c) Lead-rich solid only. (d) Liquid only. 2.6 (a) Liquid plus lead-rich solid between 1 and 2. (b) ... which limits the bottom of the liquid field is called the liquidus line. The other boundary of the two-phase liquid–solid field is called the solidus line. The liquidus lines start from t...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:22

... worked or heat-treated into finished products; and by understanding these, shape and size can, to a large extent, be predicted. Background reading M. F. Ashby and D. R. H. Jones, Engineering Materials ... removed impurity from the left-hand end of the bar and dumped it at the right- hand end; that is, we have zone refined the left-hand part of the bar. Because we need to know how lon...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... can age- harden aluminium. Magnesium and titanium can be age hardened too, but not as much as aluminium. Kinetics of structural change: III – displacive transformations 81 Fig. 8. 5. The diffusive ... outside and the inside of the casting. The second problem is one of grain size. As we mentioned in Chapter 8, fine-grained materials are harder than coarse-grained ones. Indeed, the yield s...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... stand up to normal wear and tear. Untempered martensite is far too brittle for hammer heads. Having solved the immediate problem to our satisfaction we still wondered how the manufacturer had managed ... then quenched into cold water. The only parts of the hammers to go above 723°C are the ends: so only these parts can be hardened by the quench. The quenched heads are then dried and the ends...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20