Engineering Materials Vol II (microstructures processing design) 2nd ed - M Ashby D Jones (1999) WW Part 4 docx

... environment. Fine-grained castings Many engineering components – from cast-iron drain covers to aluminium alloy cylin- der heads – are castings, made by pouring molten metal into a mould of the ... be watched. The casting “material” used is ammonium chloride solution, made up by heating water to 50°C and adding ammonium chloride crystals until the solution just becomes saturated. The soluti...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:22

... worked or heat-treated into finished products; and by understanding these, shape and size can, to a large extent, be predicted. Background reading M. F. Ashby and D. R. H. Jones, Engineering Materials ... removed impurity from the left-hand end of the bar and dumped it at the right- hand end; that is, we have zone refined the left-hand part of the bar. Because we need to know how lon...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... (wt%) s y (MPa) Slowly cooled Quenched and aged 2000 Al + 4 Cu + Mg, Si, Mn 130 46 5 6000 Al + 0.5 Mg 0.5 Si 85 210 7000 Al + 6 Zn + Mg, Cu, Mn 300 570 Work hardening Commercially pure aluminium (1000 ... can age- harden aluminium. Magnesium and titanium can be age hardened too, but not as much as aluminium. Kinetics of structural change: III – displacive transformations 81 Fig. 8.5. The d...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... wear and tear. Untempered martensite is far too brittle for hammer heads. Having solved the immediate problem to our satisfaction we still wondered how the manufacturer had managed to harden the ... bath of molten salt at 45 0°C. Finally, the heads are removed from the tempering bath and washed in cold water. The rather complicated austenitising treatment is needed be- cause the Standard ins...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... 9 .4 Mg m –3 and 0.90 Nm –1 . Answer: 49 mm. 14. 3 Aluminium sheet is to be rolled according to the following parameters: starting thickness 1 mm, reduced thickness 0.8 mm, yield strength 100 MPa. ... poured. When the casting has gone solid it is removed by destroying the mould. Metal moulds are machined from the solid. They Production, forming and joining of metals 143 Chapter 14 Pro...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... sliding, and allowing the clay to be formed by hand or with simple machinery. When the shaped clay is dried and fired, one com- ponent in it melts and spreads round the other components, bonding ... defect in the small volume subjected to the highest stresses is small. 18.3 Modulus-of-rupture tests were done on samples of ceramic with dimensions l = 100 mm, b = d = 10 mm. The median value of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... polyesters (both widely used as matrix materials for fibre-reinforced polymers) and the formaldehyde-based plastics (widely used for moulding and hard surfacing). Other formaldehyde plastics, which ... P(DP )d( DP) is the fraction of molecules with DP values between DP and DP + d( DP). The molecular weight is just mDP where m is the molecular weight of the monomer. Most polymer properties...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... top and normalised by T g along the bottom. (The normalisations make the diagrams more general: similar polymers should have similar normalised diagrams.) The diagram is divided, like the modulus ... allowing them to be formed by injection moulding, vacuum forming, blow moulding and compression moulding. Thermosets, on the other hand, are heated, formed and cured simultaneously, usually by c...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20