Engineering Materials vol 2 Part 11 ppsx

... 390 22 00 Carbon, Type2 1.75 25 0 27 00 Cellulose fibres 1.61 60 120 0 Glass (E-glass) 2. 56 76 1400 25 00 Kevlar 1.45 125 27 60 Matrices Epoxies 1 .2 1.4 2. 1–5.5 40–85 Polyesters 1.1–1.4 1.3–4.5 45–85 24 8 ... polyester 2. 0 48 124 0 42 60 24 3.5 1.8 620 Kevlar-epoxy (KFRP), 60% uniaxial 1.4 76 124 0 – 54 6 .2 3.0 886 Kevlar in epoxy Metals High-strength steel 7.8 20 7 1000 100...

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... A 120 3 Shale (oilshale) Soda glass Electrical porcelain ice 100-lo00 22 0 -24 0 1 50 15 -118 100 26 -1 14 10-100 40-1 00 8-30 5-30 8 -20 17 13 8 6-7 6-7 5 2- 4 0 .2- 4 0 .2- 3 2 ... 2 0.5 -2 0.4-1 0.3-0.5 0.3-0.4 0.1-0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.03 0. 02 0. 02 0. 02 0.01 0.01 0.003 100-350 20 4 -21 4 50-1 54 55-1 15 20 -60 42- 60...

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... are by far the most important class of materials for highly stressed applications. Even at, or above, room 1 42 Engineering Materials 1 Fig. 14 .2. Crack propagation by ductile tearing. ... 8 feet = 2. 44m, = 7.8 x 104 js-1, Force X 2 X stroke X speed = power, 7.8 x 104 :. Force = = 6.4 2 X 2. 44 X 0 .25 Nominal stress in the connecting approx...

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... (?)cy (27 .5) The panel mass is given, as before, by equation (27 .2) . The only variable is t given by t = (g) from eqn. (27 .5). SubstitutinG for t in eqn. (27 .2) gives (27 .6) (27 .7) ... Press, Part I, No. 41, 1974. 1950; Part 11, 1965. Materials and energy in car design 26 3 Material content of a car As Fig. 27 .1 suggests, most cars weigh between...

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... 7.9 21 1 50 20 0 Mild steel 20 0 23 0 (26 0–300) 7.9 21 0 22 0 430 High-carbon steel 150 (20 0) 7.8 21 0 350–1600 650 20 00 Low-alloy steels 180 25 0 (23 0–330) 7.8 20 3 29 0–1600 420 20 00 High-alloy steels 110 0–1400 ... 30–100 1 120 85 19 0.4 >100 1 728 450 89 13 0.5 >100 1600 420 22 14 0 .2 >100 1550 450 11 12 0.1–0.5 45 933 917 24 0 24 0.1–0.45 45 915 24 0.1–0...

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... eutectic 42 Ag + 19 Cu 610– 620 High-strength; high-temperature. (free-flowing) + 16 Zn + 25 Cd Silver; general-purpose 38 Ag + 20 Cu 605–650 High-strength; high-temperature. (pasty) + 22 Zn + 20 Cd Case ... hot-water layout, you will already have had some direct experience of this system. 22 Engineering Materials 2 Fig. 2. 7. Many metals are made up of two phases. This figure sh...

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... Conservation of volume gives 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 1 3 2 3 πππ rrr =+ . (5.30) Combining eqns (5 .29 ) and (5.30) gives ∆A = 4 1 3 2 323 1 2 2 2 πγ [( ) ( )]. / rr rr+−+ (5.31) For r 1 /r 2 in the range ... K, we find that W f = 1 .22 kJ kg −1 (or 22 J mol −1 ). 1 kg of water at 27 2 K thus has 1 .22 kJ of free work avail- able to make it turn into ice. The reverse is true at 27...

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... the vol- ume of the nucleus. For 0 ഛ θ ഛ 90° these are: solid–liquid area = 2 π r 2 (1 − cos θ ); (7.4) catalyst–solid area = π r 2 (1 − cos 2 θ ); (7.5) nucleus volume = 2 3 1 3 2 1 2 3 3 πr ... (7.1) we can write W f = 2 π r 2 (1 − cos θ ) γ SL + π r 2 (1 − cos 2 θ ) γ CS − π r 2 (1 − cos 2 θ ) γ CL −−+       − cos cos ( ) . 2 3 1 3 2...

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... 2. 1 41–160 150 25 0 Ti alloys 4.5 120 170– 128 0 27 2. 4 1.1 38 28 0 400–600 (Steels) (7.9) (21 0) (22 0–1600) 27 1.8 0.75 28 20 0 (400–600) * See Chapter 25 and Fig. 25 .7 for more information about these ... strength E / r*E 1 /2 / r*E 1/3 / r* s y / r* Creep r (Mg m − 3 ) modulus s y (MPa) temperature E (GPa) (°C) Al alloys 2. 7 71 25 –600 26 3.1 1.5 9 22 0 150 25 0 Mg alloys 1...

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... 0 .20 0.55 B 0.40 0.60 1 .20 0.30 1.50 C 0.36 0.70 1.50 0 .25 1.50 D 0.40 0.60 1 .20 0.15 1.50 E 0.41 0.85 0.50 0 .25 0.55 F 0.40 0.65 0.75 0 .25 0.85 G 0.40 0.60 0.65 0.55 2. 55 116 Engineering Materials ... H. Jones, Engineering Materials I, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996, Chapters 21 , 22 , 23 and 24 . Further reading K. J. Pascoe, An Introduction to the Properties...

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