Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 10 pot
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 10 pot
... 11
afterload (particularly aortic diastolic pres-
sure) enables the end-systolic volume to de-
crease slightly, but not enough to overcome
the decline in end-diastolic volume.
Therefore, the net effect ... be-
cause of the large stroke volume ejected into
the aorta. As long as the ventricle is not in fail-
ure, normal end-systolic volumes can be sus-
tained; however, the end...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 5 pot
... reflex.
Mechano-
receptor
Mechano-
receptor
Mechano-
receptor
Chemo-
receptor
Chemo-
receptor
Chemo-
receptor
2
Chemo-
receptor
Chemo-
receptor
Nociceptor
Nociceptor
Various
Proprio-
ceptor
Proprio-
ceptor,
Chemo-
receptor
Thermo-
receptor
Thermo-
receptor
Internal
Carotids ... baroreceptors) enter the medulla at the nucleus trac-
tus solitarius (NTS), which projects inhibitory interneuron...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 7 pot
... through the
capillary loops and the venous plexus. In addi-
tion to sympathetic neural control, the resis-
tance vessels and AV anastomoses are very
sensitive to ␣-adrenoceptor-mediated vaso-
constriction ... muscle, the muscle cells adjacent to
the capillary take up the oxygen for use by the
mitochondria. Consequently, little oxygen dif-
fuses all the way through one ce...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 8 pot
... required to switch over to anaerobic gly-
colysis for the production of ATP. Acidosis
stimulates peripheral and central chemore-
ceptors, leading to increased sympathetic ac-
tivity to the systemic ... shock.
The following discussion specifically ad-
dresses compensatory mechanisms in hy-
potension caused by hemorrhage-induced hy-
povolemia.
The baroreceptor reflex is the firs...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 3 pot
... causes the end-diastolic pressure-
volume curve to shift up and to the left, as shown in Figure 4-2 7. This shift will reduce
the end-diastolic volume and increase the end-diastolic pressure at the ... of
the tissue. The elastic modulus of a tissue is re-
lated to the ability of a tissue to resist defor-
mation; therefore, the higher the elastic mod-
ulus, the...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 9 pot
... PHYSIOLOGICAL
ACTIONS OF ENDOTHELIN-1
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is synthesized from an
endothelin precursor (big ET-1 or pro-ET-1)
and cleaved to ET-1 by endothelin convert-
ing enzyme (ECE) found on the endothelial
cell ... are the same in the pre- and post-
stenotic segments). Therefore, KE is the same
in the post- and pre-stenotic segments. There is,
however, an additional loss of PE...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 10 ppsx
... 12
afterload (particularly aortic diastolic pres-
sure) enables the end-systolic volume to de-
crease slightly, but not enough to overcome
the decline in end-diastolic volume.
Therefore, the net effect ... vein into the right
atrium, passed into the right ventricle, then
positioned within a branch of the pulmonary
artery. There is one opening (port) at the tip
of the cath...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 1 doc
... gradient, to enter the cell.
As the m-gates open, the h-gates begin to
close; however, the m-gates open more rapidly
than the h-gates close. The difference in the
opening and closing rates of the two ... (°K).
The equilibrium potential is the potential dif-
ference across the membrane required to
maintain the concentration gradient across
the membrane. In other...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 2 pdf
... and
calcium, across the cell membrane and by
the relative conductances of the membrane
to these ions.
• The resting membrane potential is very
close to the potassium equilibrium poten-
tial (calculated ... heading di-
rectly toward the positive electrode, gives the greatest
positive deflection. As the vector moves around the axis
to the left, and therefore moves away...