Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 3 pdf
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 3 pdf
... causes the end-diastolic pressure-
volume curve to shift up and to the left, as shown in Figure 4-2 7. This shift will reduce
the end-diastolic volume and increase the end-diastolic pressure at the ... of the ventricles.
Ejection occurs because the total energy of
the blood within the ventricle exceeds the to-
tal energy of blood within the aorta. The total
ene...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 2 pdf
... within the AV node, which might prolong the P-R inter-
val. Therefore, taking the patient off the -blocker might improve AV nodal conduction
and thereby decrease the P-R interval to within the ... filament.
Ch 03_ 04 1-0 58_Klabunde 4/21/04 10:57 AM Page 43
wave of the QRS). About 20 milliseconds
later, the mean electrical vector points down-
ward toward the apex (vecto...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 1 doc
... gradient, to enter the cell.
As the m-gates open, the h-gates begin to
close; however, the m-gates open more rapidly
than the h-gates close. The difference in the
opening and closing rates of the two ... depolarization to thresh-
old opens the m-gates (voltage activated), thereby opening the channel and enabling sodium to enter the cell. Shortly
thereafter, as t...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 5 pot
... reflex.
Mechano-
receptor
Mechano-
receptor
Mechano-
receptor
Chemo-
receptor
Chemo-
receptor
Chemo-
receptor
2
Chemo-
receptor
Chemo-
receptor
Nociceptor
Nociceptor
Various
Proprio-
ceptor
Proprio-
ceptor,
Chemo-
receptor
Thermo-
receptor
Thermo-
receptor
Internal
Carotids ... baroreceptors) enter the medulla at the nucleus trac-
tus solitarius (NTS), which projects inhibitory interneuron...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 6 docx
... the
autoregulatory range). This is because of the
strong capacity of these organs to autoregulate
and their ability to escape sympathetic vaso-
constrictor influences. The autoregulatory re-
sponse ... 
2
-adrenoceptors) or in-
creases (via vascular ␣
1
and ␣
2
-adrenocep-
tors) systemic vascular resistance, depend-
ing upon the plasma concentration.
• The renin-angiotensin-aldo...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 7 pot
... muscle, the muscle cells adjacent to
the capillary take up the oxygen for use by the
mitochondria. Consequently, little oxygen dif-
fuses all the way through one cell to reach an-
other. Therefore, ... only 25 35 mm Hg, which cor-
responds to a 30 % to 60% loss of oxygen con-
tent of the blood. Therefore, substantial
amounts of oxygen diffuse out of the blood be-
fore...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 8 pot
... required to switch over to anaerobic gly-
colysis for the production of ATP. Acidosis
stimulates peripheral and central chemore-
ceptors, leading to increased sympathetic ac-
tivity to the systemic ... stimulation (
1
-adrenoceptor
mediated) and peripheral vasoconstriction ( -
adrenoceptor mediated), and contributes to
the release of renin by the kidneys through re-
nal...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 9 ppsx
... PHYSIOLOGICAL
ACTIONS OF ENDOTHELIN-1
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is synthesized from an
endothelin precursor (big ET-1 or pro-ET-1)
and cleaved to ET-1 by endothelin convert-
ing enzyme (ECE) found on the endothelial
cell ... are the same in the pre- and post-
stenotic segments). Therefore, KE is the same
in the post- and pre-stenotic segments. There is,
however, an additional loss of PE...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 10 pot
... Supplemental 6 /3/ 04 6 :31 PM Page 11
afterload (particularly aortic diastolic pres-
sure) enables the end-systolic volume to de-
crease slightly, but not enough to overcome
the decline in end-diastolic ... be-
cause of the large stroke volume ejected into
the aorta. As long as the ventricle is not in fail-
ure, normal end-systolic volumes can be sus-
tained; however, the end...
MIT.Press.Introduction.to.Autonomous.Mobile.Robots Part 3 pdf
... although there are
three driven and steered wheels, only two motors are used in total. The one translation
motor sets the speed of all three wheels together, and the one steering motor spins all the
wheels ... Because of to slop and backlash in the drive
train, whenever the drive motor engages, the closest wheel begins spinning before the fur-
thest wheel, causing a small ch...
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