... been proposed for event time(Copeland and Maier, 19 84) , effective time (Ben-Zvi, 1982), logical time (Dadam,Lum and Werner, 19 84; Lum et al., 19 84) , state (Clifford and Warren, 1983) and start/end ... open systems standard for heterogeneous client-server interoperability.OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN FOR TEMPORAL GIS 34 but one that is easier to understand, hence easier to apply. For example, the ... Hierarchical Object-Oriented Design method developed at the European Space Agency. 4 Object-Oriented Structure Design introduced by Wasserman, Pircher and Muller (1990).5 Object-Oriented Design LanguagE...