Introduction to ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY Impacts of Chemicals Upon Ecological Systems - CHAPTER 8 pdf

... amounts to 15 to 25 mg/day and represents two-thirds of the total absorbed Pb. By contrast, about 20 to 40% of the inhaled Pb is absorbed, amounting to about 8 mg/day, or one-third of the total absorbed ... aspects of the spatial distribution of lead in bone. NeuroToxicol . 13: 80 9 -8 20. Bache, C.A. 1 985 . Cadmium and nickel in mainstream particulates of cigare...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... Peterson, and W.E. Miller. 1 988 . Protocols for short-term toxicity screening of hazardous waste sites. EPA/600/ 3 -8 8/ 029. Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Pro- tection Agency, Corvallis, ... components of the microcosm com- munity. The protocol requires two species of single-celled green algae or diatoms, one species of filamentous green alga, one specie...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... in toxicant concentrations or interspecific inter- actions. The range of scales important in environmental toxicology range from the few angstroms of molecular interactions to the hundreds of ... responsible for © 1999 by CRC Press LLC CHAPTER 2 A Framework for Environmental Toxicology Environmental toxicology can be simplified to the understanding of only three fu...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... repeatable laboratory data to effects upon the systems that environmental toxi- cology tries to protect is often called the lab -to- field dilemma. Comparisons of laboratory data to field results ... 1 989 . Short-term methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and surface waters to freshwater organisms. Second Edition. EPA- 600/ 2 -8 9/001. Environmental Monit...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... liver to 25-hydroxy-D 3 . This is then converted in the kidney to 1,25-dihydroxy-D 3 , the “hormone-like” substance that is the active form of the vitamin. The 25-hydroxyla- tion of cholecalciferol ... . 90: 61 5-6 22. Brown, V.M. 19 68. The calculation of the acute toxicity of mixtures of poisons to rainbow trout. Wat. Res . 2: 72 3-7 33. Calabrese, E.J. 1 9...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... J.T. Wilson. 1 988 . Biorestoration of aquifiers contaminated with organic-compounds. Crit. Rev. Environ. Contr. 18: 2 9 -8 9. Lewis,V.E.,W.J. Donarski, J.R. Wild, and F.M. Raushel. 1 988 . Mechanism and ... able to hydrolyze DFP, dichlorvos and dimethyl 2,2,2-trichloro-1-n-butyryloxyethyl phosphonate (butonate). Catfish enzymes also were able to hydrolyze paraoxon and methyl 3-hydroxy-a...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... of the Ecological Effects of Toxicants INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with perhaps the most difficult topic in environmental toxi- cology, how to measure and then evaluate the impact of toxicants ... toxicants at ecological levels of organization. The chapter starts with an evaluation of methods and ends with a discussion of the responses of ecosystems to chemi...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... Relationship of toxicity data from one species to another or perhaps more often, class to class. Often only a 96-h green algal toxicity test is available to use as a representative of all photosynthetic ... Relationship between two toxicity endpoints such as the NOAEL and the EC 50 . 3. Laboratory -to- field extrapolation — Relationship of the estimate of toxicity gath- ered...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... (ERL-D-SOP- CTI-016), Chironomus tentans (ERL-D-SOP-CTI-015), and Lumbriculus variegatus (ERL-D-SOP-CTI-017), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, ... Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Of ce of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, EPA 600/ 4 -8 9/001, pp. 18 9-2 49. Appendix A Independence, randomization, an...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... & Control Sonneggstr. 3 80 92 Zürich ETH-Zentrum Switzerland E-mail: onder@ethz.ch ISBN 97 8- 3 -6 4 2-1 077 4-0 e-ISBN 97 8- 3 -6 4 2-1 077 5-7 DOI 10.1007/97 8- 3 -6 4 2-1 077 5-7 Library of Congress Control Number: ... 1100 bar p cr = 80 0 bar preferred range of operation -1 5 -1 0 -5 0 5 -1 5 -1 0 -5 0 5 p cr start of injection [deg CA] st...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 00:20