Fundamentals of Polymer Engineering Part 3 ppsx

... Inc. higherthehardnessandmodulus.Anotherfactorthatplaysamajorrolein determiningthefinalpropertyofthepolymeristhechemicalnatureofthe surface.Mineralfillerssuchascalciumcarbonateandtitaniumdioxidepowder oftenhavepolarfunctionalgroups(e.g.,hydroxylgroups)onthesurface.To improvethewettingproperties,theyaresometimestreatedwithachemicalcalled acouplingagent. Couplingagentsarechemicalsthatareusedtotre...

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... w 0 ) of condensation product before the mixture is charged to the Reaction Engineering of Step-Growth Polymerization 161 Copyright © 20 03 Marcel Dekker, Inc. 4 ReactionEngineeringof Step-GrowthPolymerization 4.1INTRODUCTION[1,2] Vesselsinwhichpolymerizationiscarriedoutarecalledreactors;theyare classifiedaccordingtoflowconditionsexistinginthem.Batchreactors(schema- ticallyshowninFig.4.1...

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... Inc. 6.4RecyclingandDegradationofPolymers285 6.5Conclusion287 Appendix6.1:SolutionofEquationsDescribing IsothermalRadicalPolymerization287 References2 93 Problems294 7.EmulsionPolymerization299 7.1Introduction299 7.2AqueousEmulsifierSolutions300 7.3SmithandEwartTheoryforStateIIofEmulsion Polymerization304 7.4EstimationoftheTotalNumberofParticles,N t 31 3 7.5MonomerConcentrationinPolymerParti...

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... classification of polymers is based on molecular structure. According to this system, the polymer could be one of the following: 1. Linear-chain polymer 2. Branched-chain polymer 3. Network or gel polymer It ... oxide), offer another example of the formation of addition polymers: CH 2 nCH 2 O CH 2 CH 2 O n (1 .3. 4) The correct method of naming an addition polymer is to wr...

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... Inc. Showthatthemolebalancerelationcanbederivedas dP n dt ¼4k p P n P 1 m¼1 P m þk p P n1 r¼1 P r P nr 2k 0 m Wðn1ÞP n 4k 0 p W P 1 i¼nþ1 P i 2k m P n P 1 m¼1 MF m þ2k p W P nþ1 MF i dMF n dt ¼2k m MF n P 1 i¼1 P i þ2k m P n1 m¼1 MF m P nm 2k 0 m Wðn1ÞMF n þ2k 0 m W P 1 m¼nþ1 MF m ;n2 ListyourassumptionsconcerningthereactionsofMF n andP n .Writethe molebalancerelationsforP 1 andMF...

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... is given by a t;t ¼ 4p 3mðt ÀtÞ 4p  2 =3 ¼½ð4pÞ 1=2 3mðt ÀtÞ 2 =3 ð7:4 :3 To determine the total area, A t , of all polymer particles at time t, the rate at which polymer particles are formed ... of polymer particles by monomer. FIGURE 7.7 Core-and-shell model of polymer particles. 31 6 Chapter 7 Copyright © 20 03 Marcel Dekker, Inc. 7 Emulsion Polymerization 7.1 INTRODU...

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... 94.8 3. 056 0.105 4. 237 29 .3 5.256 95.8 3. 119 0.185 4.292 33 .7 5 .30 3 96.6 3. 181 0 .34 3 4 .34 6 38 .5 5 .34 9 97 .3 3.2 43 0.475 4.440 43. 4 5 .39 5 97.9 3. 305 0.706 4.454 48.5 5.440 98.4 3. 366 0.999 4.507 53. 5 ... 53. 5 5.485 98.7 3. 427 1 .38 4.560 58 .3 5. 530 99.1 3. 488 1.88 4.612 62.9 5.574 99 .3 3.548 2.51 4.664 67 .3 5.618 99.5 3. 607 3. 30 4.715 71.4 5.662...

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... value of De or, equivalently, of the interaction parameter is needed to assure polymer polymer miscibility. Example 9.4: If the 1 g of polymer of Example 9.1 is diss olved in 9 g of a different polymer ... fraction of the solvent, and mn 2 =n 0 equals f 2 , the volume fraction of the polymer. As a result, DS ¼Àk½n 1 ln f 1 þ n 2 ln f 2 ð9 :3: 15Þ Thermodynamics of Pol...

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... dx 2 ; x 3 þ dx 3 ; t 0 ; tÞ x 0 2 þ dx 0 2 ¼ x 2 þ dx 2 þ X 2 ðx 1 þ dx 1 ; x 2 þ dx 2 ; x 3 þ dx 3 ; t 0 ; tÞð10:6 :3 x 0 3 þ dx 0 3 ¼ x 3 þ dx 3 þ X 3 ðx 1 þ dx 1 ; x 2 þ dx 2 ; x 3 þ dx 3 ; t 0 ; ... follows: f 1 f 2 f 3 0 @ 1 A ¼ T 11 T 12 T 13 T 12 T 22 T 23 T 13 T 23 T 33 0 @ 1 A n 1 n 2 n 3 0 @ 1 A ð10:5:4Þ or even more compactly as follows: f ¼ ~...

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... densities of the liquids making up the column, the sample density is r ¼ 0:864 þ 0:7ð1:594 À 0:864Þ¼1 :37 5 g=cm 3 and using Eq. (11.9.4) gives X ¼ 1 Àð1 :33 5=1 :37 5Þ 1 Àð1 :33 5=1:455Þ ¼ 0 :35 3 Thus, ... Inc. semicrystallineandtheotheramorphous,noncrystallizablesequenceswillbe builtinbetweenthecrystallizablesequencesofthesemicrystallinepolymer.This hasaprofoundeffectonthecrystallizati...

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