Essential Guide to Acute Care - part 2 pps

... Total gas flow concentration (%) (l/min) (l/min) Blue 24 2 4 51–1 02 White 28 4–6 44–67 Yellow 35 8–10 45–65 Red 40 10– 12 41–50 Green 60 12 15 24 –30 Humidified circuit 85 12 15 15 20 Figure 2. 4 ... prognostic indicators for patients admitted to intensive care. Intensive Care Medicine 20 01; 27 : 74–83. Further resources • www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/iqs/bts_guidelines_copd_htm...

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... Title. [DNLM: 1. Critical Care. WX 21 8 C777e 20 06] RC86.7.C656 20 06 616. 02 8–dc 22 2006000965 ISBN-13: 97 8-1 -4 05 1-3 97 2- 4 ISBN-10: 1-4 05 1-3 97 2- 2 A catalogue record for this title is available from the ... index. ISBN-13: 97 8-1 -4 05 1-3 97 2- 4 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4 05 1-3 97 2- 2 (alk. paper) 1. Critical care medicine. I. Forrest, Kirsty. II...

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... an A-a gradient as follows: P A O 2 ϭ F i O 2 (P B Ϫ P A H 2 O) Ϫ P A CO 2 /0.8 P A O 2 ϭ 0 .21 ϫ 95 Ϫ 5/0.8 When calculating the A-a gradient on air, 0 .21 ϫ 95 is often shortened to 20 . 20 Ϫ ... illness. Self-assessment: case histories Normal values: pH 7.35–7.45, PaCO 2 4.5–6.0 (35–46 mmHg), PaO 2 11–14.5 kPa (83–108 mmHg), BE 2 to ϩ 2, st bicarbonate 22 28 mmol/l....

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:21

... breathing (see also Fig. 4. 12) . low compared with the F i O 2 . The A-a gradient is as follows: PAO 2 ϭ 0.8 ϫ 95 Ϫ 3.0/0.8 ϭ 72. 25 kPa. A-a gradient ϭ 72. 25 Ϫ 12 ϭ 60 .25 kPa. What would cause such ... patients with a mild -to- moderate acute respiratory acidosis (see Fig. 4.6). In an acute exacerbation of COPD, it is usual to begin with an IPAP of 15 cmH 2 O and an EPAP of 5...

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... 7.4 2 3 h Haemaccel 145 5.1 6 .25 (25 ) 145 301 7.3 2 3 h Albumin 4.5% 145 2 0 145 29 0 7.4 6– 12 h Albumin 20 % 145 2 0 145 29 0 7.4 6– 12 h *HES 6% 154 0 0 154 310 5.5 7 24 h Figure 5.9 Electrolyte ... used to prevent clotting. The acid acts as a Na 2 K ؉ Ca 2 Cl ؊ Osmolality pH Duration of volume effect Plasma 140 4 2. 3 (9 .2) 100 28 5 29 5 7.0 Gelofusine 154 0.4 0.4 (1.6...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:21

... vulnerable to injury result- ing from hypoperfusion and/or critical illness. One prospective study looked at 22 62 consecutive admissions to hospital to determine the contribution of iatro- genic factors ... gases show pH 7.3, PaO 2 21 (161 mmHg), PaCO 2 3.5 (26 .9 mmHg), st bicarbonate 12. 7 mmol/l and BE Ϫ10. What is your management? 3 A 5 2- year-old man has an emergency lapar...

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... looked at predictors of death and neurological outcome in 130 witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors presenting to an emergency department [24 ]. The investiga- tors used time to return ... opening Spontaneous 4 To speech 3 To pain 2 Nil 1 Best motor response Obeys commands 6 Localises pain 5 Withdraws to pain 4 Abnormal flexion to pain 3 Extensor response to pain...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:21

... – give 25 ml i.v. 50% dextrose and call doctor Ͻ4.0 0 .25 0.5 1 4.0–9 0.5 1 2 9.1–11 1 2 4 11.1–17 2 3 8 17.1 28 4 4 10 28 6 and call doctor to 6 and call doctor to 12 and call doctor to review ... Medical Association 20 03; 28 9 (22 ): 29 92 29 99. 5. Miller JD and Becker DP. Secondary insults to the injured brain. Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh 19...

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... is 4 g in 24 h. It can be given orally, rectally or i.v. (as Perfalgan ® ). Side effects are rare. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. diclofenac) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ... trial of pre-operative optimisation of oxygen delivery. British Medical Journal 1999; 318: 1099–1103. 22 . Bennett-Guerrero E. Automated detection of gastric luminal partial pressure of CO 2 . A...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:21