Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 9 pptx
Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 9 pptx
... 41 21 395 25 677 22 290 16
45± 49 33 46 2 29 58 7 49 54 485 46
50±54 23 78 172 124 590 1 19 642 106
55± 59 14 112 158 216 399 226 621 201
60±64 11 137 1 09 294 288 370 4 79 346
65± 69 4 137 78 343 185 ... recorded in 5-year groups
and the 193 5± 39 cohort will overlap the 55± 59 and 60±64 age groups during
the period 199 5 99 . The identifiability problem nevertheless remains, as...
Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 1 pptx
... 623
18 .9 Special designs, 627
18.10 Meta-analysis, 641
19 Statistical methods in
epidemiology, 648
19. 1 Introduction, 648
19. 2 The planning of surveys, 6 49
19. 3 Rates and standardization, 6 59
19. 4 ... which statistical methods played an essential part.
1 MacKie et al. ( 199 2) studied the trend in the incidence of primary cutaneous
malignant melanoma in Scotland...
Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 5 pptx
... 37 4 94
51 4Á51 42 4Á04
46 4Á66 39 4Á51
58 2Á88 41 4Á06
Sums 597 47Á 39 1058 125Á21 1751 196 Á33
n 12 28 44
x
2
30 613 42 260 75 8 79
xy 2 280Á01 4 624 93 7 623Á33
y
2
198 Á 890 3 572Á4 599 896 Á6401
The ... y
39 4Á62 29 5Á21 27 5Á 29 43 4Á02
40 5Á 29 29 5Á17 25 3Á67 41 4 99
41 5Á52 33 4Á88 24 5Á82 48 3Á86
41 3Á71 32 4Á50 32 4Á77 47 4Á68
45 4Á02 31 4Á47 23 5Á71 53 4Á74
49...
Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 2 ppt
... use mid-P values, and
this approach has been advocated more widely recently (Williams, 198 8; Bar-
nard, 198 9; Hirji, 199 1; Upton, 199 2; Berry & Armitage, 199 5; Newcombe,
199 8a). The mid-P value ... means 97
4 Analysing means and proportions
4.1 Statistical inference: tests and estimation
Population and sample
We noted in Chapter 1 that statistical investigations invariably...
Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 3 ppsx
... More-
over, the proportionate increase in odds increases with the sample size.
This result, often called Lindley's paradox, has been much discussed (Lind-
ley, 195 7; Cox & Hinkley, 197 4, ... formidable computing
resources, and these are now becoming available in general computer packages
(Goldstein, 199 8) as well as in specialist packages such as BUGS (Thomas et al.,
199 2;...
Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 4 pps
... Total
69 89 91 1Á3
10Á 19 510Á7
9 810Á010Á7
T
11
29 7 29 432Á7 R
1
91 Á8
S
11
294 Á 09 288Á26 356Á67
79 29 110Á3
8Á 69 110Á7
9 29 410Á2
27Á027Á631Á2 R
2
85Á8
243Á24 253 98 324Á62
88Á48Á 69 8
7 98 Á010Á1
8Á08Á010Á1
24Á324Á630Á0 ... strain
Mother's strain 1 2 3 4 Total
14Á15 4Á74 5Á 19 5Á06 19 14
24Á62 4 92 6Á 27 5Á52 21Á33
36Á 39 6Á05 4Á 64 4 93 22Á01
44Á32 5Á34 5Á 80 4Á25 19 71...
Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 6 pps
... methods can be found in Goldstein ( 199 5,
Chapter 4).
12.6 Longitudinal data
In many medical studies there is interest not only in observing a variable at a
given instant but in seeing how it changes ... of using a model for non-random drop-
out can be very striking, as is illustrated in the case-study presented in 9. 4 of
Diggle ( 199 8). This shows observed means from a cli...
Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 7 ppsx
... resulting in useful treatments being discarded. Spiegelhalter et al. ( 199 4) also
discuss several other kinds of priors that might be used in clinical trials.
Spiegelhalter et al. ( 199 9) give ... 12 5 8 11 9 33 45
Total 51 48 47 49 195 46 52 50 48 196 391
Proportion
killed 0 93 85 0Á8316 0Á88 49
15.5 Other components of x
2
513
The log-linear model states that the logarithm of inc...
Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 8 docx
... Ð 19 Ð Ð 100Á0
6 1 19 0Á0526 0 94 74 94 Á7
19 1 18 0Á0556 0 94 44 89 5
32 1 17 0Á0588 0 94 12 84Á2
42 2 16 0Á1250 0Á8750 73Á7
94 1 13 0Á07 69 0 92 31 68Á0
207 1 10 0Á1000 0 90 00 61Á2
253 1 7 0Á14 29 ... of life-table methods in follow-up studies, see Berkson
and Gage ( 195 0), Merrell and Shulman ( 195 5), Cutler and Ederer ( 195 8) and
Newell et al. ( 196 1).
17.4 Sampling error...
Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 10 docx
... Br. Med. J. 320, 1 197 ±1200.
Thompson S.G. and Sharp S.J. ( 199 9) Ex-
plaining heterogeneity in meta-analysis: a
comparison of methods. Stat. Med. 18,
2 693 ±2708.
Tierney L. ( 199 6) Introduction to ... 599 ±604.
Lindley D.V. ( 195 7) A statistical paradox. Bio-
metrika 44, 187± 192 .
Lindley D.V. ( 196 5) Introduction to Probability
and Statistics from a Bayesian Viewpoint. Part
1,...
Từ khóa: