Statistical Methods in Medical Research - part 6 pps

... methods can be found in Goldstein (1995, Chapter 4). 12 .6 Longitudinal data In many medical studies there is interest not only in observing a variable at a given instant but in seeing how it changes ... fundamental 12 .6 Longitudinal data 447 can often help in circumstances where the analysis is intended to shed light on deeper aspects of the problem being studied. The linear...

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... regression line is, from (7.5), 17 168 Á47 À À8 869 Á75 2 10 262 Á00  17 168 Á47 À 766 6Á39  9502Á08: The residual mean square is, from (7 .6) , s 2 0  9502Á08=32 À2  3 16 74: 7.4 Sampling errors in regression ... coefficient r  À8 869 Á75 10 262 Á0017 168 Á47 p À 8 869 Á75 13 273Á39 À0 66 8, and, from (7.19), t À0 66 8 30 0Á554  r À4Á92, as before. The sampling error o...

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... 15Á32 6 69 22Á01 2Á33 0Á98 2Á09 0Á 96 1 63 0Á57 1Á 96 0 64 41Á25 0Á 56 1Á 56 1Á08 1Á88 1Á00 1Á85 0Á43 13Á39 6 32 19Á71 1Á 76 0Á75 1Á90 0Á80 1Á81 1Á11 1Á38 0Á59 Total 13Á57 5Á91 14Á39 6 66 14 60 7Á30 ... 0Á95 12Á57 6 57 19Á14 1Á70 0Á83 1Á58 0Á73 1Á89 0Á 96 1Á80 0Á 86 21Á42 0Á50 1Á85 0Á72 2Á14 1Á00 1Á94 0 63 15Á25 6 08 21Á33 1Á 96 0Á74 1 69 0 66 2Á17 0Á 96 2Á08 0Á87 32Á22 0Á 86...

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... A 160 80 240 144 96 Not A 440 320 760 4 56 304 60 0 400 1000 60 0 400 Female A 240 330 570 228 342 Not A 160 270 430 172 258 400 60 0 1000 400 60 0 Male A 400 410 810 (372) (438)  female Not A 60 0 ... two-factor inter- actions to be significant and it is prudent to try including each of the six two-factor interactions in turn to the model. As an example, when the interaction of the...

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... 100Á1 35±39 No. 789 338 66 27 6 12 26 %64 Á427 65 Á42Á20Á5 100Á1 40  No. 69 60 6 1 5 141 %48Á942 64 Á30Á73Á5 100Á0 Total No. 3529 1121 321 124 21 51 16 %69 Á021Á 96 32Á40Á4 100Á0 resulted in a live birth was ... designs, 62 7 18.10 Meta-analysis, 64 1 19 Statistical methods in epidemiology, 64 8 19.1 Introduction, 64 8 19.2 The planning of surveys, 64 9 19.3 Rates and s...

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... 97 4 Analysing means and proportions 4.1 Statistical inference: tests and estimation Population and sample We noted in Chapter 1 that statistical investigations invariably involve observa- tions ... that in many statistical investigations there is no formal process of sampling from a well-defined population. For instance, the prevalence of a certain disease may be calculated for all...

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... `Major' non-thoracic (n B  20) 1Á74 68 26 15Á510Á5 1 60 63 16 15Á80Á2 2Á15 65 23 27Á4 À4Á4 2Á 26 72 7 25Á0 À18Á0 1 65 58 11 20 6 À9 6 1 63 69 8 12Á2 À4Á2 2Á40 70 14 29Á7 À15Á7 Group B: (continued) 2Á70 ... 34Á74Á3 1Á90 56 28 27Á90Á1 2Á78 83 12 29Á4 À17Á4 2Á27 67 60 28Á831Á2 1Á74 84 10 4Á15Á9 2 62 68 60 36 323Á7 1Á80 64 22 19Á82Á2 1Á81 60 21 22Á9 À1Á9 1Á58 62 14 16 0 À2Á...

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... centre. In trials for which mortality is the primary endpoint, it is possible in some countries (such as the UK) to determine 18 .6 Protocol departures 60 7 consequences of selecting or rejecting particular ... data obtained. It was originally developed in pioneering work by A. Wald (1902±50). Implicit in any sequential analysis is the concept of a stopping rule, defining the way i...

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... 2Á33Á87 172 6 7 56 1Á2 56 77Á50 3Á85 2 90 3 227 43 5 68 1Á737 0Á3721 2Á74 69 363 10 66 1 1Á8 76 81Á21 7 68 3 129 7 81 19 4Á32 1Á 463 0Á21 56 4 66 Á73 2 36 10Á3 86 2Á403 121Á02 5 67 4 412 32 299 131 5 64 1Á730 ... 22Á438Á75 874 61 Á753 10Á947 361 Á19 33Á18 5 1350 7 12 96 61 9Á08 2Á2 06 0Á 160 8 6 213 68 2714 30Á343 3Á343 1323Á00 16 58 6 60 3 1 06 27 5Á09 1 62 7 0Á3 965 2Á54Á07...

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... 10Á24 6 0.05 3Á 46 4Á34 4Á90 5Á30 5 63 5Á90 6 12 6 32 6 49 0.01 5Á24 6 33 7Á03 7Á 56 7Á97 8Á328 61 8Á87 9Á10 7 0.05 3Á34 4Á 16 4 68 5Á 06 5Á 36 5 61 5Á82 6 00 6 16 0.01 4Á95 5Á92 6 54 7Á01 7Á377 68 7Á94 ... 8Á37 8 0.05 3Á 26 4Á04 4Á53 4Á89 5Á17 5Á40 5 60 5Á77 5Á92 0.01 4Á75 5 64 6 20 6 62 6 96 7Á24 7Á47 7 68 7Á 86 9 0.05 3Á20 3Á95 4Á41 4Á 76 5Á02 5Á24 5Á43 5Á59 5Á74 0.01...

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