Gastroenterology an illustrated colour text - part 4 pptx

... peppermint-based products (particu- larly for constipation-dominant IBS) may help pain and bloating and are widely used as they do not have anticholinergic side-effects. Antidepressants ... dicyclomine and hyoscine may help pain and diar- rhoea but can have side-effects with uri- nary retention and effects on intraocular pressures. Antispasmodics such as mebeverine...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... 42 , 44 –5 aetiology 44 associated conditions 45 clinical features 44 'coeliac iceberg' 44 complications 4 4- 4 5 diagnosis 44 genetic predisposition 44 gluten-free diet 44 , 45 HLA-type ... 44 , 45 HLA-type association 44 , 45 iron deficiency 68 malignancy 44 management 45 pathology/histology 44 , 45 prevalence 44 primary biliary...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... spider naevi and (in men) the pres- ence of gynaecomastia. ABDOMEN Inspect for distension and previous surgical scars, and note dis- tended veins - if emanating and filling ... movements. There is an operating or biopsy channel, and a separate channel which passes air to distend the organ under examination. Water can also be passed down this channel to w...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... confirming significant pancre- atic exocrine dysfunction. NBT-PABA test (N-benzoyk-tyrosyl-para- amino benzoic acid) NBT-PABA is cleaved by pancreatic chy- motrypsin and PABA measured ... that pancre- atic enzymes and bicarbonate can be aspi- rated and assayed. Pancreatic secretion is stimulated by cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin. This is probably the most accu- rate...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... large fluid-filled cavity Clear fluids can be transilluminated Gas-filled - resonant; fluid-filled/solid - dull Arteries/aneurysms Gentle pressure leading to disappearance - feature ... Gl/liver disease. Sensitivity (%) 8 8-9 9 9 0-9 7 8 9-9 8 9 3-9 9 7 7-9 2 Specificity (%) 8 6-9 5 9 0-1 00 9 3-9 8 9 5-9 9 100 Relative cost £ ££ ££££* £££££* £££££* D...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... perforation. If neces- sary, an 'instant' enema (with an unpre- pared bowel) can help determine disease extent (Fig. 3). More elegantly, and with- out risk, white cell scanning outlines ... coating 5-ASA pH-dependent coating 5-ASA in semipermeable membrane A dimer of two 5-ASA molecules, linked by azo bond 5-ASA linked to 4- aminobenzoyl-3-alanine Bacter...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... spurting vessel 3 _ - - - Renal failure Any malignancy - - SBP = Systolic blood pressure THE CLINICAL APPROACH IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA 69 bin reacting with substrate on guaiac- impregnated paper and ... inflammation and granulation tissue (Fig. 4) . Peutz-Jeghers polyps Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant and is charac- teri...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... bowel wall 1 -4 local lymph nodes affected > 4 regional nodes Distant metastases 80% 5-year survival 55% 5-year survival 45 % 5-year survival 15% 5-year survival 1% 5-year survival Colorectal ... abdominal and perineal incisions and a permanent sig- moid colostomy is fashioned. Rectal lesions can also be dealt with via the rec- tum using transanal microsurgical...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... copper (mg/g) 0-2 00 3-1 0 >250 20 0-3 50 1 1-2 4 <0.6 2 0-5 0 Catches: Serum caeruloplasmin can be low in fulminant hepatic failure, and various other low protein states, and normal or high ... duodenum and pancreatic head with anastomosis of stomach remnant, CBD and pancreatic tail onto the jejunum (Fig. 4) . Unfortunately, pancreatic cancer often...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... positive anti-smooth-muscle antibody present in 60%, and antinuclear antibody and LKM-1 antibody may be present. • Long-term immunosuppression is required with corticosteroids and often ... infectious mononucleosis, autoantibodies for anti- smooth muscle antibodies and anti-mito- chondrial antibodies. Liver ultrasound may demonstrate fatty liver, gallstones and an obst...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20