Dictionary of Material Science and High Energy Physics Part 3 potx

... conservation of energy and momentum. density of modes The number of modes of the radiation field in an energy range dE. The density of modes is a function of the boundary conditions ofthe spaceunder ... single point particle in three-dimensional space has three degrees of freedom; a system of N point particles has 3N degrees of freedom. De Haas–Van Alphan effect In 1 93...

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... VOLUMES Dictionary of Pure and Applied Physics Dipak Basu Dictionary of Material Science and High Energy Physics Dipak Basu Dictionary of Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Astronomy Richard A. Matzner © 2001 by ... other two being Dictionary of Pure and Applied Physics and Dictionary ofGeophysics, Astrophysics,andAstronomy. Each of these three dictionar...

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... theorem is of great value in understanding magnetic ions in crystals. degeneracy, lifting of, or removal of Slight inequality of energy of a group of quantum states due to the presence of a perturbation, ... angles of the out- going particles, which leaves two independent variables. These may be taken as the energies of two of the particles, E1,E2, and E3. Energy is c...

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... 10 −7 -10 3 3 × 10 12 − 3 × 10 8 Microwaves 10 3 - 0 .3 3×10 8 − 10 6 Far-infrared 0 .3- 6 10 6 − 5 × 10 4 Mid-infrared 6 - 100 5 × 10 4 − 30 00 Near-infrared 100 - 38 5 30 00-780 Visible light 38 5 ... shift). energy spectrum The set of energy eigen- states of a physical system. The set of possible outcomes of a measurement of the energy; also known as the set...

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... isotope 235 to about 3% from the natu- ral abundance of the uranium isotopes, which in- clude 234 U at .0055%, 2 35 U at 0.72 %, and 2 38 U at 99.27%. Nuclear fuel composed of 3. 2% 235 U can ... the number of particles in a state of energy E s . grand unification Physics attempts to ex- plain natural phenomenon in terms of a set of fundamental axioms. It is the g...

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... are made of heterojunctions. A het- erojunction is made of layers of two different types of materials which are doped by p and n types of atoms. For example, layers of n and p type GaAs and AlGaAs ... exists. impurity band An energy level caused by the presence of impurity atoms. incident energy The energy of the incoming particle in a collision process. incident fl...

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... in a flow field. kinetic energy A form of energy associated with motion. Every moving particle has kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of a non-relativistic particle with mass m and speed v is equal ... = m 1 m 2 m 1 +m 2 is the reduced mass for particles of mass m 1 and m 2 , and r = r 1 − r 2 are the relative position vectors of particles 1 and 2. Suitable sets of cent...

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... vectors, G =m 1 b 1 +b 2 +m 3 b 3 , where m 1 ,m 2 , and m 3 are integers, and b 1 = 2πa 2 ×a 3 /v c , b 2 = 2πa 3 ×a 1 /v c , and b 3 = 2πa 1 ×a 2 /v c , where v c is the volume of the unit cell ... + t + u = m 2 1 +m 2 2 + m 2 3 + m 2 4 , where m 1 , and m 2 are the rest masses of the in- coming particles, and m 3 , and m 4 are the rest masses of...

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... ductor of ellipisoidal energy surfaces of masses m 1 ,m 2 , and m 3 for the conduction band, and m  1 , m  2 , and m  3 for the valence band, is given by np= 1 2π 3 ¯ h 6  ( m 1 m 2 m 3 )  m  1 m  2 m  3  1/2 (kT) 3 ... j 2 + j 3 + j 4 . The nine-j symbols are defined by    j 1 j 2 J 12 j 3 j 4 J 34 J 13 J 24 J    =  J 1 j 2  J 12 ,  j 3...

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... of detailed balance In equilib- rium, the power radiated and absorbed by a body must be equal for any particular element of area of the body, for any particular direction of po- larization, and ... is a linear function of its fre- quency was the origin of the understanding, due to A. Einstein, of light as consisting of quanta of energy E = hν, where ν is the frequency...

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