a history of money from ad 800 phần 3 docx
a history of money from ad 800 phần 3 docx
... Money which has alreadylost at least 2/5 parts of its Intrinsick value by Clipping and Adulteration.(Li 19 63: 218)Newton (1696) also made a point about the gold/silver ratio. A HISTORY OF MONEY ... Bank of England at bullion value. The smallcustomary charge was waived. The official weight of a newly minted guinea was129. 438 grains: coins were acceptable at face value down to a weight of ... European traders discovered that the ratio in Japan was 4 to1. Great profits were made—for a short time…At the time of the treaty of 1858 between Great Britain, the United States and Japan a very...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 2 docx
... another of theperiodical adjustments needed to take account of normal wear and tear on theactual circulating coins and of changes in the relative prices of gold and silver.Wear and tear has ... Clipping was rife (many accused of clipping were hanged) and in anycase many of the coins in circulation were old and had suffered badly from fairwear and tear. The periodical recoinage to take account ... transactions were, as often as not, settled by barter.There were a few travelling merchants, and a small part of the population livedin towns, but the real growth revival of international trade...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 5 docx
... money was used, but still as a convenient means of money transmission, rather than a major component of money supply. Theperiod was also a great age of European music and drama and (more relevant) of ... who, starting with the simple concept of a trade fair as a meetingplace, developed what was virtually a separate political and legal system. Theynegotiated rights of trade, passage and protection ... given a guaranteeagainst loss in exchange for a percentage of the eventual profit. 3. The sale by the investor, for a fixed sum to be paid to him each year, of his chances of profit above a certain...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 7 docx
... technical reasons. Any advance made to a country bank gave that bank the right to withdraw notes from the Bank of England, and the Bank’s right to issue notes was limited by the Bank CharterAct of ... ordered payment by way of precaution. And afterthe notice we only required about £100,000 instead of £200,000. From that day we had a market of comparative ease.(Evans 1848:87)The Bank did in fact ... morelater. There continued to be provisions by which capital had to be paid up before a bank could open: the officers of the bank had to declare on oath that noarrangements had been made to finance...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 1 pptx
... gradual, debasement was greater and was totally at the expense of workersand peasants. ‘Honest’ petty coinage was unprofitable: the tradition of honest money in countries such as England was, ... clear, from even a cursory reading of the sources, that many of the problems and events weshall discuss had their parallels in earlier centuries. I can offer only a tantalising glance at a few ... banking, and explain what can seem to Europeans theparochialism and backwardness of American retail banking.4 A HISTORY OF MONEY system. Later, though, it was England alone who preserved the Carolingiansystem...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 4 potx
... 214 Caracalla replaced it as the standard coin by a double denariusintrinsically worth about one and a half of the current pieces.He says that the Emperor Gallienius (2 53 68)abandoned all restraint ... theproceedings of the Paris Conference. Substantial evidence on the advantages of an international currency was accepted by the Commission.Smaller manufacturers and traders are deterred from engaging ... was taken bySpanish and other foreign coins which, not having legal tender status, couldcirculate in accordance with their actual bullion value. The Act of 18 53 was a practical abandonment of...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 6 ppsx
... of barter. Although the Bank of England blamed the country banks forthe crisis, and vice versa, there was no Parliamentary enquiry as it was fairlyclear already what had happened. As William ... ‘notes of banks which arepayable and paid on demand in the said legal currency of the United States’which was capable of broad or narrow interpretation). The situation thusparalleled England after ... fate was that of nearly all who have dealt in innovative fashion with money (Galbraith 1975:82). This is hardly fair. Biddle was a conservative andcompetent banker. Maybe he was a megalomaniac,...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 8 pptx
... total pre-revolution money supply was 2 billion) and the value of the Assignats fell toabout a quarter of their face value in bullion. The Law of Maximum was A HISTORY OF MONEY 2 23 Part 1 examines ... records availableshow that, as a banker, he was capable of handling large transactions. Heappears to have operated successfully in accordance with the sound principleshe was later to write about. ... countenance the introduction of a paper money or a national bank, either of which can only produce a great evil and of which the memories alone are capable of frightening us because of theabuse and...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 9 pps
... 1891and replaced by the Banco de la Nacion Argentina.BrazilThe situation was broadly similar to that in Argentina. Notes of the Bank of Brazil date from 1808. Gold and silver had disappeared, ... secret at Jekyll Island and drafted a Banking Bill, ‘the Aldrich plan’ (Congress was not told that Wall Streetbankers had had any part in drafting it). This would have created a NationalReserve Association ... concludes that‘it was easy to show that one of the striking lessons of experiments of paper246 THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR AND THE GREENBACKSSeward as Secretary of State. He was a hard money man and a supporter...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 10 ppt
... 295Andreades, A. 132 , 133 , 231 Andronicus, Emperor 112Angely, d’ (France) 222Anglo-Saxon England 12, 15, 21, 23 8Anne, Queen of England 139 , 2 13 annuity see rent-chargearbitrage 14Argentina ... 235 Bailey, Samuel 148Bailly, A. 219Balfour, A. J. 99Baltic states 124–6, 268;see also ScandinaviaBaltimore banks 1 63 Bamberger, Ludwig 89Banco de la Nacion Argentina 258Bank Charter Act ... 154;and South Sea Bubble 137 , 139 , 141–4;see also Bank RateInternational Bimetallists 100–2international trade see tradeIraq 268Ireland, banking and finance in 154, 176,179, 192, 233 , 234 Ireland,...
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