a history of money from ad 800 phần 1 pptx
a history of money from ad 800 phần 1 pptx
... UNITED STATES 15 8 19 AFTER THE BANK WARS: THE UK/US CRISES OF 18 36 TO 18 39 17 320 PRIVATE BANKING IN THE EARLY UNITEDSTATES 18 1 21 THE BANK CHARTER ACT OF 18 44 AND THECRISIS OF 18 47 19 1Part ... the Americanpolitical attitude to banking, and explain what can seem to Europeans theparochialism and backwardness of American retail banking.4 A HISTORY OF MONEY system. Later, though, it was ... SUPPORTERS AND OPPONENTS OF BIMETALLISM 10 1 12 THE EARLIER HISTORY OF MONEY 10 7Part II The Development of Credit and Banking 13 INTRODUCTION 11 4 14 CREDIT AND THE TRADE FAIRS 12 2 15 THE DEVELOPMENT OF...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 8 pptx
... commercial practice and detail what explanations they had tooffer of so unusual a state of things.236 THE SUSPENSION OF PAYMENTS: 17 97 TO 18 21 26THE SUSPENSION OF PAYMENTS, 17 97TO 18 21 In the ... distinguishingbetween an advance of capital to merchants as an additional supply of currency to the general mass of circulating medium’ (page 50). The concept…that while the Bank is restrained from paying in ... of a depreciationthat everyone was aware of, made the public doubt the Assignats more…success never came of any of these plans before the Assignat was beyondsaving’ (Harris 19 30 :18 7–8).Harris...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 2 docx
... and credit became vital over a large part of the West’(Bautier 19 71: 147). Europe was now ready for a more substantial and stablecoinage to serve the needs of expanding trade. This was to take ... settled by barter.There were a few travelling merchants, and a small part of the population livedin towns, but the real growth revival of international trade had hardly begun. Money had a relatively ... another of theperiodical adjustments needed to take account of normal wear and tear on theactual circulating coins and of changes in the relative prices of gold and silver.Wear and tear has...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 3 docx
... Money which has alreadylost at least 2/5 parts of its Intrinsick value by Clipping and Adulteration.(Li 19 63: 218 )Newton (16 96) also made a point about the gold/silver ratio. A HISTORY OF MONEY ... monetary union and related issues in the 19 90s (e.g. Panic 19 92) and it is arguable that the system was appropriate for a particular period of history rather than being the panacea. It had many ... 18 79(Chapter 9). Austria-Hungary adopted the gold standard in 18 92 (by whenPortugal had abandoned it) followed by Russia and Japan in 18 97. The systembroke apart in 19 14 with a short lived revival between...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 4 potx
... Cleveland was elected President in 18 92, and was inaugurated on the day of a Wall Street crash. Brogan says of him: ‘There was not much room forideas in Cleveland’s massive head but when one had ... whenin 214 Caracalla replaced it as the standard coin by a double denariusintrinsically worth about one and a half of the current pieces.He says that the Emperor Gallienius (253–68)abandoned all ... theproceedings of the Paris Conference. Substantial evidence on the advantages of an international currency was accepted by the Commission.Smaller manufacturers and traders are deterred from engaging...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 5 docx
... greater the 13 0 A HISTORY OF MONEY Development of stock marketsStock markets were already established (Morgan and Thomas 19 62) as isconfirmed by the following extract from a 16 95 Act of Parliament ... freetrade with a ‘system of export licences, associated with personal safe-conductsfor the merchants, and levies of “reasonable” taxes’ (Bautier 19 71: 120).The German Hanse was an alliance of mercantile ... heard of (in that capacity) again.The South Sea Bubble was an exercise in corporate finance. That aspect isanalysed in detail in Neal (19 90) ‘The Rise of Financial Capitalism’ andDickson (19 67)....
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 6 ppsx
... of North America was formed on the initiative of Robert Morris,and a Federal charter was granted (by a narrow majority) in May 17 81. It had a capital of $400,000, was limited to assets of $10 ... of barter. Although the Bank of England blamed the country banks forthe crisis, and vice versa, there was no Parliamentary enquiry as it was fairlyclear already what had happened. As William ... States increased from ninety in 18 11 to250 in 18 16. In the three years 18 10 12 alone, forty-one new State banks werechartered with an aggregate capital of $736 million making a total of 12 0...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 7 docx
... structure of UKbanking law and practice was, from a monetary point of view, now in place. BANK CHARTER ACT 18 44: THE CRISIS OF 18 47 19 7 21 THE BANK CHARTER ACT OF 18 44AND THE CRISIS OF 18 47THE BANK ... £200,000. From that day we had a market of comparative ease.(Evans 18 48:87)The Bank did in fact make substantial advances at 8 or 9 per cent but therewas (as promised) little actual demand for notes. ... beforethe National Land Bank legislation of 16 96. Money and Trade ConsideredThe above apart, John Law’s first pamphlet Proposals and Reasons forConstituting a Council of Trade was published...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 9 pps
... in 18 91 and replaced by the Banco de la Nacion Argentina.BrazilThe situation was broadly similar to that in Argentina. Notes of the Bank of Brazil date from 18 08. Gold and silver had disappeared, ... standard (Zuckerkandl in National Monetary Commission 19 11 vol. 18 ).Latin AmericaThe Napoleonic Wars precipitated the perhaps already inevitable collapse of Spanish control of Latin America.Independence ... twoformal devaluations of sterling against the dollar, in 19 49 and 19 67, and in 19 71 attempts to maintain fixed exchange rates (with the US on a goldexchange standard) were abandoned.The post-war...
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a history of money from ad 800 phần 10 ppt
... (France) 206 10 billon 20, 11 1, 11 2Bills of Credit (US) 213 , 215 , 217 bills of exchange 16 7;development of 12 1, 12 5, 12 6, 12 8bimetallism:ancient world 11 1;and concepts of money 6, 13 15 , 16 ;commercial ... 207Asgill, John 200, 2 01 Ashley, Sir W. 11 8, 11 9Asiento trading agreement 13 8 1 Asquith, Herbert H., Earl of Oxford 264assayed value of coinage 10 , 11 Assignation Banks (Russia) 255Assignats ... War;American Revolutionusury:and Christianity 4, 11 4, 11 7, 11 8 1, 12 0, 12 4;and Islam 4, 12 0;loopholes 11 9–2;prohibition suspended 12 3;see also creditvalue of coins 11 12 , 15 16 ;problems and...
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