A Practical Guide for Health Researchers - part 4 ppsx

... monitoring: data management (record keeping and data handling) and data quality (quality assurance and quality control). Record-keeping and handling of data All steps involved in data management should ... clarity and style of the written proposal. This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 86 A practical guide for health researchers the investigator for every patient participatin...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:20

... Variance A measure of the dispersion or variability of a group of scores. 228 A practical guide for health researchers C Case–control studies 44 Case report 145 Categorical variables 99 Causation, ... practice and national regulations. Qualitative methods A research approach that emphasizes the non-numerical data and interpretive analysis. Quantitative methods A re...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 14:22

... considerations are This is trial version www.adultpdf.com WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Fathalla, Mahmoud F. A practical guide for health researchers / by Mahmoud F. Fathalla and Mohamed ... Assessment and evaluation of research 172 14. 1 Introduction 172 14. 2 Assessment and evaluation by researchers 173 14. 3 Assessment and evaluation by health professional...

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... research design. The researcher has to select the appropriate design for the particular study. All types of research design have a place, and all have advantages and disadvantages. But not all ... Investment for research by industry is driven by market forces. 3 .4 Participation in collaborative international research 3 .4. 1 Models for participation in international health res...

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... data. Some information may be available This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 62 A practical guide for health researchers 4. 12 .4 Ethics in research designs involving experimentation on animals The ... This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 50 A practical guide for health researchers operational definition. The operational definition is a statement of how the...

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... statistical test to be used. For the purposes of data description, and statistical analysis, data are looked at as variables. Data are classified as either numerical or categorical. Data are ... is trial version www.adultpdf.com 100 A practical guide for health researchers Distribution of the data The distribution of the data is important for the statisticians. Data fall in...

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... non-standard abbreviations that are used, and for identification of statistical measures of variations, such as standard deviation and standard error of the mean. Tables should have a logical structure. ... trial version www.adultpdf.com 1 34 A practical guide for health researchers It is better to avoid non-technical uses of technical statistical terms, such as “random” “...

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... presentations to small groups. Overhead transparencies, as visual aids, have advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of overhead transparencies are that: • they may not need to have the ... syndromic tags for patients; male/female are more appropriate for animals; men and women are better for human subjects. • Slang and jargon (words that have an arbitrary meaning). Do not conf...

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... references and additional sources for the chapter can be consulted. 14. 2 Assessment and evaluation by researchers 14. 2.1 Reading a research paper The title of the paper and the abstract give an indication ... analysed in a systematic (standardized and objective) way. This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 188 A practical guide for health researchers 22. In any research...

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... help provide health professionals access to information necessary for research, health care, and education. It makes available to researchers a vast database that is updated and changed frequently. ... 1996;1 24: 980–3. Organization as an author The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary dise...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:20