A Practical Guide for Health Researchers - part 2 pptx

... trial version www.adultpdf.com 26 A practical guide for health researchers 3 .2 Selection of a field for research 3 .2. 1 Categories of health research Health research has been broadly defined as ... of a characteristic. An analytical study is an observational study that describes associations and analyses them for possible cause and effect. An observational study m...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:20

... available, but it is not applied and made available. The need may be for action and not for research. Research should not be an excuse for delaying action. 42 A practical guide for health researchers Heath ... models for participation in international health research, including participation in multi-centre clinical trials, the network approach, and the twinning ap...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 14:22

... that each member of the population has had an equal chance of selection. Random sampling is not haphazard sampling. This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 23 4 A practical guide for health researchers ... normal distribution, where the data are equally distributed around the mean. This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 22 2 A practical guide for health researchers...

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... considerations are This is trial version www.adultpdf.com WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Fathalla, Mahmoud F. A practical guide for health researchers / by Mahmoud F. Fathalla and Mohamed ... information 19 Chapter 2. Ethics in health research 20 2. 1 Introduction 20 2. 2 General ethical principles 21 2. 3 Responsibility for ethics in health research 22...

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... data. Some information may be available This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 62 A practical guide for health researchers 4. 12. 4 Ethics in research designs involving experimentation on animals The ... This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 50 A practical guide for health researchers operational definition. The operational definition is a statement of how the...

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... trial and for verification of data. There are two components to monitoring: data management (record keeping and data handling) and data quality (quality assurance and quality control). Record-keeping ... clarity and style of the written proposal. This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 86 A practical guide for health researchers the investigator for every patient participati...

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... statistical test to be used. For the purposes of data description, and statistical analysis, data are looked at as variables. Data are classified as either numerical or categorical. Data are ... is trial version www.adultpdf.com 100 A practical guide for health researchers Distribution of the data The distribution of the data is important for the statisticians. Data fall in...

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... non-standard abbreviations that are used, and for identification of statistical measures of variations, such as standard deviation and standard error of the mean. Tables should have a logical structure. ... usually need substantial reworking before full publication. This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 122 A practical guide for health researchers 10 .2. 3 The age of pape...

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... presentations to small groups. Overhead transparencies, as visual aids, have advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of overhead transparencies are that: • they may not need to have the ... syndromic tags for patients; male/female are more appropriate for animals; men and women are better for human subjects. • Slang and jargon (words that have an arbitrary meaning). Do not conf...

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... (standardized and objective) way. This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 188 A practical guide for health researchers 22 . In any research on human beings, each potential subject must be adequately ... references and additional sources for the chapter can be consulted. 14 .2 Assessment and evaluation by researchers 14 .2. 1 Reading a research paper The title of the paper...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:20