... TGF-β-signal-transducingsmads to the membrane in the close vicinity of the receptor [19] (Figure 1). This interesting finding provides detailed anal-ysis of individual components of the TGF-β pathway andparallels ... resulting in more TGF-β1activity in the arthritic joint. Indeed, increased levels of activeTGF-β1 have recently been reported in RA synovial fluid in Figure 2mRNA-expression of the transforming ... HJT and TW participated in the coordination of the study, and RWK contributed to the design of the study and participated in the layout, writing, andfinalization of the manuscript.AcknowledgementsWe...