... two mainproblems: (a) hidden and exposed terminals; and (b)channel contention.(a) Hidden and exposed node problem To explain the problem of hidden and exposed term-inals, the following example ... aim of proactive LM is to inform the routingprotocol that a link is near to b reaking, and the routi ngprotocol then informs the packet source. As a result, thesource stops sending packets, and ... receiving a thirdduplicate ACK, it stops forwarding the third duplicateACK to TCP and puts TCP into ‘persist’ mode. Also,when RTO is about to occur, ATCP puts TCP into ‘per-sist’ mode and enters...