One Language, Two Grammars? - part 8 ppsx
One Language, Two Grammars? - part 8 ppsx
... 386 422
Imperative 29 25% 86 115 8 5% 149 157
Present tense 42 15% 235 277 217 217
Past tense 315% 17 20 21 21
Total 284 24% 89 3 1177 44 5% 773 81 7
346 One Language, Two Grammars?
19 New departures
1
GU
¨
NTER ... from BNC-S and LSAC into different
pragmatic types, concentrating on 371 examples from the demographic
subcorpus of BNC-S (BNC-SDEM). Following Algeo (1 988 b) and
Ho...
One Language, Two Grammars? - part 5 ppsx
... the ones in (4a/b) is one of those verbs that reverse the
512/629
262/ 388
31/59
0/20
7/201
1/17
552/5 58
14/55
18/ 1 48
0/15
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80 %
90%
100%
*17 28 ... L92–99,D92–95,W90–92,
N01
83 –– 68 151 55.0%
6 PLAY
BrE: t90–94 28 –– 60 88 31 .8%
AmE: W90 –92 21 –– 124 145 14.5%
7 OFFEND
BrE: g90–00,d91-d00,m93–00 130 –– 162 292 44.5%
AmE: L92...
One Language, Two Grammars? - part 2 pot
... n. 1954
hand-punch v. 1967 hand-punch n. 1962
hand-rear v. 189 3 hand-reared adj. 189 4
hand-rub v. 185 9 hand-rubbing n. 184 6
hand-sew v. 1919 hand-sewn adj. 188 7
hand-tuft v. 1906 hand-tufted adj. ... hand-hoer n. 1744–50
hand-hold v. 1963 hand-held adj. 1923
hand-jive v. 19 58 hand-jive n. 19 58
hand-kill v. c. 1575 –––
hand-pick v. 183 1 hand-picking n. 187 9
hand-pollinate v. 19 18...
One Language, Two Grammars? - part 3 pot
... Times 2000
-ed -t -ed -t -ed -t
burn 147 (83 %) 31 (17%) 40 ( 18% ) 185 (82 %) 16 (9%) 171 (91%)
spill 23 (82 %) 5 ( 18% ) 20 (59%) 14 (41%) 6 (17%) 29 (83 %)
spoil 46 ( 98% ) 1 (2%) 34 (32%) 73 ( 68% ) 16 (10%) ... effect can be
3/23 = 13%
23 /88
= 26%
81 2 /86 2
= 94%
388 /456
= 85 %
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80 %
90%
100%
EEPF
15 18 1700
ECF
1705 80
NCF
1 782...
One Language, Two Grammars? - part 4 pptx
... non-
reflexive
III
total
IV %
reflexive
BrE 1 EEPF (15 18 1700) 2 – 2
2 ECF (1705–1 780 ) 8 – 8 100%
3 NCF1 (*17 28 *1799) 3 – 3
4 * 180 0–* 186 9 (NCF2, MNC/B, LNC/B) 35 – 35 100%
5 ETC/B (* 187 0–* 189 4 ... non-
reflexive
III
total
IV %
reflexive
BrE 1 NCF2 (* 181 0–* 182 0) 12 – 12 100%
2 MNC/B (* 181 1–* 181 4) 4 – 4 100%
3 LNC/B þ ETC/B (* 185 5–* 188 1) 9 – 9 100%
AmE 1 EAF (*1776–...
One Language, Two Grammars? - part 6 ppt
... BrE 140 135 23 2 58 785 1341
AmE 423 35 17 243 577 1295
Noun BrE 22 33 2 38 116 211
AmE 1 08 2 7 23 78 2 18
Adjective BrE 5 25 0 13 105 1 48
AmE 16 3 5 26 70 120
262 One Language, Two Grammars?
distant ... two, i.e. t he same form is increas-
ingly used for both the preterite and the past participle. These are verbs
with an -i- stem which used t o have -a- in the preterite and...
One Language, Two Grammars? - part 7 docx
... and
American news writing
272 One Language, Two Grammars?
and Norheim 1 988 , Hundt 1998a: 95, 1998b: 167, Peters 19 98: 93, Moessner
2005a).
24
Two accounts have been adduced for this. One makes reference
to ... Johansson and Norheim 1 988 : 32).
282 One Language, Two Grammars?
(i) ‘informational tags’. These tags, with a rising intonation, in Algeo’s
view ‘seek informat...
One Language, Two Grammars? - part 9 doc
... 19.14b.
33/41
=
80 %
83 /103
=
81 %
14/17
=
82 %
34/52
=
65%
71 /81
=
88 %
110/135
=
81 %
82 /115
=
71%
149/172
=
87 %
51/ 68
=
75%
68/ 78
=
87 %
0%
10%
20% ... has pro-
gressed further in AmE than in BrE.
3/25 = 9%
84 /132
= 64%
48/ 1 08
= 44%
85 /101
= 84 %
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80 %
90%
100%
early 20th-
cent...
One Language, Two Grammars? - part 10 potx
... led by
AmE 186 8
marked decrease in (post-modifying) of-
phrases led by AmE 188 –9
overall shift from post-modifiers to
pre-modifiers 189 –90
recent expansion of (restrictive)
that-relative clauses ... 352–3,
353–4
post-colonial lag 126, 1 28 9
post-colonial revival 4, 8, 10–11, 22, 24, 27,
30, 31, 81 , 137, 147, 277, 288 –93,
304–5, 410
postnominal use of adjectives and past
participles (...
Introdungcing English language part 8 ppsx
... only six inflectional ending forms: zero, ‘-es’, ‘-e’, ‘-as’, ‘-a’ and ‘-um’. ‘The king
kisses the child’ would be ambiguous in Old English (with zero-inflection ‘cyning’
and ‘bearn’ in both nominative ... They clippedon
28 INTRODUCTION: KEY BASIC CONCEPTS
suggested that the brain worked according to a principle of localisation, with parti-
cular cognitive abilities located in particular reg...