One Language, Two Grammars? - part 4 pptx
One Language, Two Grammars? - part 4 pptx
... LNC/B 76 69 145 52 .4 %
4 ETC/B 613 1931.6%
5 t90– 04, g90– 04, d91–00,m93–00,
i93– 94, i02– 04
76 170 240 31.7%
AmE 1 EAF1571 241 .7%
2 EAF2, MNC/A, LNC/A 49 2 24 273 17.9%
3 ETC/A 661 679.0%
4 L92–99,D92–95,W90–92,N01 ... have existed between the two national varieties.
168 One Language, Two Grammars?
(4) he told party members not to listen to national radio. (Guardian 92)...
One Language, Two Grammars? - part 2 pot
... 1918 hand-pollination n. 19 54
hand-punch v. 1967 hand-punch n. 1962
hand-rear v. 1893 hand-reared adj. 18 94
hand-rub v. 1859 hand-rubbing n. 1 846
hand-sew v. 1919 hand-sewn adj. 1887
hand-tuft v. ... 1975
hand-hoe v. 1733 hand-hoer n. 1 744 –50
hand-hold v. 1963 hand-held adj. 1923
hand-jive v. 1958 hand-jive n. 1958
hand-kill v. c. 1575 –––
hand-pick v. 1831 hand-picking n. 1879
hand-p...
One Language, Two Grammars? - part 3 pot
... 245 42 4
92% 100% 5.80 3.58
bare 47
11% 33% 18.65 12.27
dire 58 54
84% 96% 8 . 64 5.09
dour 25 8
71% 89% 3.21 1.06
fond 23 21
13% 25% 9 .49 5.96
full 41 33
2% 5% 357.18 219.61
keen 145 15
13% 14% ... pmw
apt 245 42 4 92% 100% 0 .44 0.83
bare 47
11% 33% 0.06 0. 04
dire 58 54
84% 96% 0.12 0.11
dour 25 8
71% 89% 0.06 0.02
fond 23 21
13% 25% 0.30 0.17
free 180 98 13% 12% 2.27 1.61
full...
One Language, Two Grammars? - part 5 ppsx
... Observer for 19 94 20 04)
a
I reflexive II non-reflexive III total IV % reflexive
1 t90–01,g90–00 58 (18 /40 ) 59 (5/ 54) 117 (23/ 94) 49 .6%(78.3% /42 .5%)
2 t02– 04, g01– 04 14 (4/ 10) 29 (3/26) 43 (7/36) 32.6%(57.1%/27.8%)
a
The ... (62/1 14) 73.9%(72.6%/ 74. 6%)
2 predicative uses 26 (11/15) 9 (4/ 5) 35 (15/20) 74. 3%(73.3%/75%)
3 postnominal uses 1 04 ( 34/ 70) 37 (13/ 24) 141 (47...
One Language, Two Grammars? - part 6 ppt
... two, i.e. t he same form is increas-
ingly used for both the preterite and the past participle. These are verbs
with an -i- stem which used t o have -a- in the preterite and -u- in the past
participle: ... Other
Total
Number
Verb BrE 140 135 23 258 785 1 341
AmE 42 3 35 17 243 577 1295
Noun BrE 22 33 2 38 116 211
AmE 108 2 7 23 78 218
Adjective BrE 5 25 0 13 105 148
AmE 16 3 5 26 70 120
2...
One Language, Two Grammars? - part 7 docx
... specify
41 .
stipulate
42 .
suggest
43 . take care
44 . urge
45 . want
46 . will
47 . wish
Adapted from Quirk et al .(1985: 155–8, 1182, 12 24) and O
¨
vergaard (1995: 95–121).
2 74 One Language, Two Grammars?
The few text-based studies ... the
40 %
33%
13%
23%
13%
10%
15%
15%
23%
28%
13%
10%
15%
10%
10%
5%
3%
5%
5%
10%
3%
68%
28%
53%
60%
58%
65%
73%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40 %
50%...
One Language, Two Grammars? - part 8 ppsx
... 386 42 2
Imperative 29 25% 86 115 8 5% 149 157
Present tense 42 15% 235 277 217 217
Past tense 315% 17 20 21 21
Total 2 84 24% 893 1177 44 5% 773 817
346 One Language, Two Grammars?
19 New departures
1
GU
¨
NTER ... 2003)
UKspok, 9 . 3
million words
UKspok, 5 .4
million words
LSAC, 5 million
words
USbooks, 5.6 million
words
N%N %N%N%
try and 1663 71% 217 24% 2 84 24% 44 5%
try...
One Language, Two Grammars? - part 9 doc
... has pro-
gressed further in AmE than in BrE.
3/25 = 9%
84/ 132
= 64%
48 /108
= 44 %
85/101
= 84%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40 %
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
early 20th-
century prose
present-day ... preceded by (and in construction with) is/was.
40 4 One Language, Two Grammars?
38. The next study takes the old and now formal conjunction lest as a point
of departure to investigat...
One Language, Two Grammars? - part 10 potx
... 310, 3 14, 319–21, 352–3,
353 4
post-colonial lag 126, 128–9
post-colonial revival 4, 8, 10–11, 22, 24, 27,
30, 31, 81, 137, 147 , 277, 288–93,
3 04 5, 41 0
postnominal use of adjectives and past
participles ... AmE
1 34, 141 –3, 144 , 145 , 146
noun phrase modification 182–93
appositive noun phrases equally common
in AmE and BrE 191
increase in (post-modifying) prepositional
phrases othe...
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