Electroactive Polymers for Robotic Applications - Kim & Tadokoro (Eds ) Part 12 pps

... trained by exercise for a particular purpose, as in Figure 8.22 (b). (a) (b) Figure 8.22. Image of adaptation by doping (a) Process of ion-exchange (b) Adaptation of partial elements by doping ... ion-induced lateral strain for molluskan robotics,'' Proc. of IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, pp. 201 0- 2017, 2002. K. Mallavarapu, K. Newbury and D. J. Leo, &ap...

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... Equation (5. 1) does not apply. The model can be more generally expressed as ), ( )( )( ), ()( VtE t tVtt V UDH  (5. 5) E(t, V), the time and voltage dependent modulus [19,22]. The modulus has been ... conducting polymers. In Nalwa, H.S. (ed .) Handbook of organic and Conductive Molecules and Polymers. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (199 7). [5] Pei, Q. and...

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... could perform -2 -1 0 1 2 5 Hz 4 Hz 3 Hz 2 Hz 232.5 3.5 Amplitude of very-low frequency vibration [V] (82. 2) (97. 7) (114. 9) (129 . 0) ( *) : Average force for 5 Hz [gf] Figure 9 .12. Pressure force ... important features of the actuators are ( 1) soft material, ( 2) force output, ( 3) ease of miniaturization and machining, and ( 4) multi-DOF motion abil...

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... International Applications of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites 257 -0 .2 0 0.2 -0 .2 0 0.2 Velocity [m/s] -0 .2 0 0.2 -0 .2 0 0.2 -0 .2 0 0.2 -0 .2 0 0.2 -0 .2 0 0.2 -0 .2 0 0.2 T=0 T=60 T=180 T =120 k = -9 .669 k ... the generalized coordinate 2( 1) 12 1 [] TT TT n en [KK K   " for the IPMC with n segments. The expanded matrices become 2( 1)...

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... Control Number: 2006938344 ISBN 97 8-1 -8 462 8-3 7 1-0 e-ISBN 97 8-1 -8 462 8-3 7 2-7 Printed on acid-free paper © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2007 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research ... stiffness and compliance [6]. Kwang J. Kim and Sa toshi Tadokoro (Eds. ) Electroactive Polymers for Robotic Applications Artificial Muscles and...

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... (198 4) first reported the volume phase transition of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) gel [69]. Poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) is one of the most widely used thermo- responsive polymers. ... grafts (Figure 1.8(a )) . The grafts on the backbone can crystallize to form physical cross-linking sites for a three-dimensional elastomer network and to generate electric field- respons...

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... conserved, (1 )( 1 )( 1 ) 1 zxy sss and x y s s , the in-plane strain ( x s or y s ) can be derived from Eqs. (2. 2) and (2. 3). For example, when the strain is small (e.g., less than 20 %), which ... rubber 1.8(0.8–2. 8) 1.1(1.0–1. 2) 2.9 0.4(0.3–0. 5) Ethane–propene rubber 2.6(2.1–3. 1) 2.5(2.2–2. 9) 5.1 0.5(0.43–0.5 5) Polyacrylate rubbe...

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... driving paradigm State Electrode (ABC) Stiff state - - - or + + + More compliant + + - or - - + Action toward A + - - or - + + Action toward B - - + or + + - Output terminal Dielectric elastomers High ... V L < V max 0 < V R < V max and V L = f ( x, k, F ) V R = f ( x, k, F ) Yes No V L = 0 or V max or V R = 0 or V max V L = f ( k...

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... d d r ria GGG  (3.3 4) Robotic Applications of Artificial Muscle Actuators 75 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 -0 .04 -0 .035 -0 .03 -0 .025 -0 .02 -0 .015 -0 .01 -0 .005 0 Voltage (V) S t r a i n Figure ... (3.3 0) in (3.2 9), angle T can be derived as follows:  >@ a GT  1/ 1124 (3.3 1) The strain can be derived using Eqs. (3.2 3), (3....

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... D, versus applied electric field, E, (D-E) (-I- nylon 11, -II- PVF 2 films and for -III- nylon 11/PVF 2 50:50 blend). (Adapted from Q. Gao et al. [85 ]) 4.4.2.4 Summary of Ferroelectric and ... H N N H H N N H H N N H H N N H H N N H H N N H +2 electrons + 2 A - -2 electrons - 2 A - reduced volume increased volume A - A - n n Figure 5.2. Electrochemical redox...

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