... 10 and 16 h are signed as Nafion/S-SiO2 -4 h, Nafion/S-SiO2 - 10h and Nafion/S-SiO2 -1 6h, respectively. For the ex-situ research of the mechanism of sulfonation, the powder of SiO2 nano-particles ... located in 100 0-1 100 cm -1 , which coincides with the strong absorption band of symmetric and anti-symmetric vibration of the Si-O-Si. For this reason, the structure signal of -SO3H is not ... spectra of the Nafion, Nafion/SiO2, Nafion/S-SiO2 -4 h, Nafion/S-SiO2 -1 0h, and Nafion/S-SiO2 -1 6h. In fact, as we can see, it is a little difficult to distinguish the structure change of the...