Fundamentals Of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Part 8 pptx

... small fraction of the 2 58 Boundary-Layer and Wind-Gyre Dynamics (The wind stress would have to be an order of magnitude smaller for the gyre circulation to have a self-consistent linear dynamics. ) ... the x, z integrals of v) of the boundary-layer and Sverdrup circulations are in balance at every latitude. 252 Boundary-Layer and Wind-Gyre Dynamics Grouping the terms in powers...

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... speed. Thus, the dynamics of a Kelvin wave is a hybrid combination of the influences of rotation and stratification. The ocean is full of Kelvin waves near the coasts, generated as part of the response ... modified from the solution (4. 48) by the cross-shore bottom-topographic profile). A particular example of this 1 28 Rotating Shallow-Water and Wave Dynamics direction of t...

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... L, is sufficiently small, 2.1 Fluid Dynamics 29 2.1.4 Energy Conservation The principle of energy conservation is a basic law of physics, but in the context of fluid dynamics it is derived from ... Equation of State: The equation of state for seawater, ρ(T, S, p), is known only by empirical evaluation, usually in the form of a polynomial expansion series in powers of the depa...

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... the equations of motion. These quantities are point-vortex counterparts of the vorticity centroid,  xζ dx, and angular momentum,  r 2 ζ dx, in- tegral invariants of conservative 2D dynamics (cf., (3 .83 ) ... currents. 84 Barotropic and Vortex Dynamics The primed summation again excludes all terms with α = β. As is often true in Hamiltonian mechanics, H is interpreted as the en...

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... 3.7, left) and deform each other. 88 Barotropic and Vortex Dynamics V V V + C + C − C (a) bounded domain (b) unbounded domain d 2 d Fig. 3 .8. (a) Trajectory of a cyclonic vortex with circulation, ... that the limit of vanishing separation and width is a delicate one. 3.2.2 Chaos and Limits of Predictability An important property of chaotic dynamics is the sensitive dependence o...

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... in (4.29). Further analyses of Rossby waves are in Pedlosky (Secs. 3.9-26, 1 987 ) and Gill (Secs. 11.2-7, 1 982 ). 4 .8 Rossby Wave Emission An important purpose of GFD is idealization and abstraction of the var- ious ... V ± = u ±  gh . (4 .85 ) This can be verified by substituting (4 .85 ) into (4 .84 ) and by using (4 .83 ) to evaluate the time derivatives of u and h. The charact...

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... (5 .87 ). A different type of eddy flux in (5 .82 ), secondary in importance to D for this type of jet flow, is the horizontal divergence of the horizontal Reynolds stress, R n = u g,n v g,n (5 .84 ) (cf., ... homogeneous flow. Thus, a more complete interpretation of the role of eddies in the general circulation requires an 184 Baroclinic and Jet Dynamics 2 β UK 2 = βR 2 U KR 2 −1/...

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... = 0 Fig. 5. 18. Sketch of radiating Rossby waves from a zonal strip of transient forc- ing, F ∗ (x, y, t) (shaded area); the pattern of Rossby wave crests and troughs (i.e., lines of constant ... overall forcing (i.e., in the merid- ional integral of (5 .82 )) in the absence of meridional boundary stresses (cf., (5 .89 ) and Sec. 5.4). Much of the preceding dynamical analysis i...

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... condition, 28 instability, 24, 25, 65, 164, 214, 2 58 instability growth rate, 49 instability, baroclinic, 18, 97, 164, 1 78, 182 , 188 , 199, 2 58, 262, 271, 272 instability, barotropic, 87 , 93, 94, ... 111 balanced dynamics, 75, 234 baroclinic flow, 62, 67, 70, 117, 162, 164, 165, 224, 256, 2 58 baroclinic instability, 97, 164, 1 78, 182 , 188 , 199, 2 58, 262, 271, 272 baroclinic w...

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