EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 9 ppsx
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 9 ppsx
... (Taylor, 199 9). Stars form by contraction of gaseous nebulae and planets
and other bodies form by condensation and accretion as nebulae cool (Hartmann, 198 3).
Dust around main sequence stars, such as ... as ocean-ridge basalts and
oceanic plateaus are produced. At least on the Earth and Venus, where substantial heat
was available, early crust and lithosphere were rapidly recycled in...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 4 ppsx
... (Jacobs, 199 2; Glatzmaier, 2002).
(±sediments) that has been recycled back into the mantle (Hart et al., 199 2; Hauri et al.,
199 4) and metasomatized lower mantle (Kamber and Collerson, 199 9). Also, ... investigators that the mantle beneath 1700 km may be convectively isolated
from the upper part of the mantle (van der Hilst and Karason, 199 9; Kaneshima and
Helffrich, 199 9).
The D′′ L...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 1 ppt
... 350
Contents xiii
1
Earth Systems
Earth as a Planetary System
A system is an entity composed of diverse but interrelated parts that function as a
whole (Kump et al., 199 9a). The individual parts, often ... continental areas.
Back-Arc Basins
Back-arc basins are segments of oceanic crust between island arcs (such as the Philippine
Sea) or between island arcs and continents (s...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 2 potx
... distri-
butions in ocean-ridge
basalts and ophiolites.
Primitive mantle values
from Sun and McDonough
( 198 9), and other data
from Bednarz and
Schmincke ( 199 4) and
Alabaster et al. ( 198 2).
(a)
(b)
(c)
Arc
Former ... Dallmeyer and
Brown ( 199 2), Mezger
et. al. ( 199 1) and Kontak
and Reynolds ( 199 4).
3
Tectonic Settings
Introduction
Rock assemblages that form in modern plate tectonic...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 3 pot
... lithosphere, and in many instances, an
active ocean ridge enlarging the size of the basin (Jolivet et al., 198 9; Fryer, 199 6).
Sediments are varied depending on basin size and nearness to an arc. ... zones are sutures and which are not.
Foreland and Hinterland Basins
Peripheral foreland and hinterland basins are like retroarc foreland basins in terms of sed-
iment provenance and tectoni...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 5 ppt
... highs
and lows, and (4) the supercontinent insulation of the mantle (Gurnis, 199 3; Eriksson,
199 9). One of the most important causes of long-term sea level change is the volume
of ocean-ridge systems. ... Sun
was 25 to 30% less luminous than it is today and that its luminosity has increased with
time in an approximately linear manner (Kasting, 198 7). The paradox associated with
this lum...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 6 ppt
... L., and MacLeod, K. G. (eds.), 199 9. Warm Climates in Earth History.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 480 pp.
Kasting, J. F., 199 3. Earth s early atmosphere. Science, 2 59: 92 0 92 6.
Wigley, ... Phanerozoic
(McLaren and Goodfellow, 199 0). Mass extinction episodes affect a variety of organ-
isms, marine and terrestrial, stationary and swimming, carnivores and herbivores, prot...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 7 pptx
... greenstones have mantle-plume affinities
(Condie, 199 4; Kerrich et al., 199 9; Polat et al., 199 9; Hollings and Kerrich, 199 9;
Tomlinson and Condie, 2001). In contrast, about 80% of early Archean (>3.0 ... terranes with unique
stratigraphy and deformational histories (Van Kranendonk et al., 2002): an eastern
terrane (3.72–2.85 Ga), a western terrane (3.27–2 .92 Ga), and the Kuranna te...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 8 ppt
... δ
13
C anomalies in marine carbonates (Fig. 6 .9) , which reflect
enhanced burial rates of carbon (Karhu and Holland, 199 6; Des Marais, 199 7; Kaufman,
199 7). The appearance of multicellular organisms ... and Kasting ( 199 3) and Hofmann ( 199 8).
As explained earlier, a mantle-plume event can supply both of these requirements:
directly by the hydrothermal spring input of methane into th...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 10 doc
... 396 –401
capture models, 399
double-planet models, 398 – 399
fission models, 397 – 398
giant impactor model, 399 –401
multicellular organisms,
neoproterozoic, 241–243
Nb/U and Nb/Th
ratios, 2 89 290
nebula, ... 45– 49.
Zhang, Y. S., and Tanimoto, T., 199 3. High-resolution global
upper mantle structure and plate tectonics. J. Geophys.
Res., 98 : 97 93 98 23.
Zhao, D., Akira, H., and Ho...