EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 5 ppt

... ocean ridges and interactions of continent-derived sediments and The Oceans 2 05 Young Continental Cherts 0 .5 40.0 35. 0 30.0 25. 0 20.0 15. 0 10.0 1 1 .5 2 Age (Ga) Delta 18 O per mil (SMOW) 2 .5 3 .5 ... Sun was 25 to 30% less luminous than it is today and that its luminosity has increased with time in an approximately linear manner (Kasting, 1987). The paradox associated with t...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... Oceanic plateau 8.0 6.3 (5) 6 .5 (10) 6.8 (10) 25 6 .5 8. Inland-sea basin 8.1 2 5 (7) 6.8 ( 15) 22 [ 25] 6.0 Oceanic 9. Ocean ridge <7 .5 5.0 (1) 6 .5 (4) 5 [6] 6.4 10. Ocean basin 8.2 2–4 (0 .5) 5. 1 ... 0.22 10. Ocean basin 38 12 S 50 + 250 to + 350 0.29 11. Marginal-sea basin 4 2 U, I 50 – 150 +50 to +100 0. 25 12. Volcanic island <1 <1 I, U 60–80 + 250 0. 25 13. Tre...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... (hemichordates) about 53 0 Ma, land plants 470 Ma, vascular plants 410 Ma, amphibians 370 Ma, reptiles and the amniote egg about 330 Ma, insects 310 Ma, mammals 2 15 Ma, flowering plants 210 Ma, and man about ... that many nonvolatile elements such as U, Th, and rare earth elements (REEs), which are Earth s Primitive Crust 267 Major Archean Cratons Stanovoy Aldan Omolon Ladoga Anshan P...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... separate terranes with unique stratigraphy and deformational histories (Van Kranendonk et al., 2002): an eastern terrane (3.72–2. 85 Ga), a western terrane (3.27–2.92 Ga), and the Kuranna terrane (≤3.29 ... Whereas most of Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and the Americas formed in the Archean and Paleoproterozoic, much of Eurasia formed in the Meso- and Neoproterozoic and the Phanerozoic. S...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... (km) (g/cm 3 ) (g/cm 3 ) (Earth = 1) (Earth = 1) Mercury 0.387 88d 48 0. 056 2439 5. 43 5. 3 2 .5 12 Venus 0.723 225d 35 0.82 6 051 5. 24 3. 95 1.1 0.9 Earth 1 365d 30 1 6378 5. 52 4 1 1 Moon 1 27.3d* 1* ... breakup of Pangea. Among the more important are the China–Mongolia–Asia ( 150 Ma), west Burma–Southeast Asia (130 Ma), Lhasa–Asia ( 75 Ma), India–Asia (55 Ma), and Australia–I...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... different compositions and origins, it is not possible to assign unique rock compositions to the 5. 0 (a) ( b ) 4 .5 4.0 3 .5 3.0 5. 0 4 .5 4.0 3 .5 3.0 6.0 6 .5 7.0 7 .5 8.0 8 .5 6.0 6 .5 7.0 7 .5 8.0 8 .5 P wave velocity ... terrane maintain its own identity and have its own cooling and uplift history? Or do terranes Exhumation and Cratonization 33 100 200 300 400 50 0 600 700...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... Settings Dated Anorogenic Granite (1.4-1 .5 Ga) Keweenawan Rift (∼1.0 Ga) Anorthosites (1.4-1 .5 Ga) 0 200 400 600 2 .5 Ga 1.34 - 1.40 Ga 1. 65- 1. 75 Ga Granite Terrane 1.42-1 .50 Ga Granite Terrane > ~ 2 .5 ... Hinterland Basins Peripheral foreland and hinterland basins are like retroarc foreland basins in terms of sed- iment provenance and tectonic evolution. Major peripheral fore...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... (α phase) 6 +5. 5 → Wadsleyite (β phase) 410 55 0 Wadsleyite 58 Majorite garnet 30 Cpx 9 Opx 3 50 0 55 0 Wadsleyite 2 +3.0 → Spinel (γ phase) 55 0–660 Spinel 58 Majorite Garnet 37 Ca-perovskite 5 Ca-garnet ... oceanic and continental areas (Fig. 4.18). Some occur on or near ocean ridges, such as Iceland, St. Helena, and Tristan in the Atlantic basin, and others occur near the center...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... still occurring on the Earth as ocean-ridge basalts and oceanic plateaus are produced. At least on the Earth and Venus, where substantial heat was available, early crust and lithosphere were rapidly ... accretion of gaseous components to about 15 Earth masses and then by rapid accretion of H 2 and He. In the case of Jupiter, a massive core of about 10 Earth masses was able to form...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... for, 158 –160 uniqueness of, 8–9 Venus, and Mars, 3 85 388 Earth systems, 1–11 Earth as planetary system, 1–3 interacting, 9–11 plate tectonics, 5 8 structure of Earth, 3 5 supercontinents, and mantle plumes, ... Moon, 396–401 planetary rings, satellites and, 368–373 planetary system, Earth as, 1–3 planets, 356 –368 condensation and accretion of, 388–396 giant, 368 Mars,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20