EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 3 pot

... Hinterland Basins Peripheral foreland and hinterland basins are like retroarc foreland basins in terms of sed- iment provenance and tectonic evolution. Major peripheral foreland and hinterland basins developed ... Archean greenstone successions are (1) a decrease in the amount of komatiite, (2) an increase in the ratio of volcaniclastics to flows, and (3) an increase in the relative abund...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... seafloor, and some, such as the Seychelles Bank in the Indian Ocean (Fig. 3. 7), rise above sea level. Some have granitic basement (such as the Seychelles Bank, the Lord Howe Rise north of New Zealand, ... terrane maintain its own identity and have its own cooling and uplift history? Or do terranes Exhumation and Cratonization 33 100 200 30 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 50 150 200 25...

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... . . . . . . 34 9 Effects of Impacts on Mantle-Plume Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 0 Contents xiii 1 Earth Systems Earth as a Planetary System A system is an entity composed ... continental areas. Back-Arc Basins Back-arc basins are segments of oceanic crust between island arcs (such as the Philippine Sea) or between island arcs and continents (su...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... buoyant mass of material in the mantle that, because of its buoy- ancy, rises. The existence of mantle plumes in the Earth was first suggested by Wilson (19 63) as an explanation of oceanic-island ... the core–mantle boundary region (Hart, 1988). On the other hand, a shallow origin for Dupal is supported by enriched mantle com- ponents in South Atlantic and Indian Ocean NMORB and in isl...

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... Sun was 25 to 30 % less luminous than it is today and that its luminosity has increased with time in an approximately linear manner (Kasting, 1987). The paradox associated with this luminosity change ... Atmosphere and Oceans may have caused average ocean salinity to drop significantly during the Triassic and Jurassic. Evaporite deposition has been sharply episodic, and erosion of older ev...

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... (hemichordates) about 530 Ma, land plants 470 Ma, vascular plants 410 Ma, amphibians 37 0 Ma, reptiles and the amniote egg about 33 0 Ma, insects 31 0 Ma, mammals 215 Ma, flowering plants 210 Ma, and man about ... that many nonvolatile elements such as U, Th, and rare earth elements (REEs), which are Earth s Primitive Crust 267 Major Archean Cratons Stanovoy Aldan Omolon Ladoga Ansha...

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... terranes with unique stratigraphy and deformational histories (Van Kranendonk et al., 2002): an eastern terrane (3. 72–2.85 Ga), a western terrane (3. 27–2.92 Ga), and the Kuranna terrane ( 3. 29 ... divided into three volcanic cycles: (from base to top) the Talga-Talga (3. 49 3. 46 Ga), Salgash (3. 46 3. 43 Ga), and Kelly (3. 43 3. 31 Ga) Subgroups (Fig. 8.5). These dominantly mafic rock...

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... (g/cm 3 ) (g/cm 3 ) (Earth = 1) (Earth = 1) Mercury 0 .38 7 88d 48 0.056 2 439 5. 43 5 .3 2.5 12 Venus 0.7 23 225d 35 0.82 6051 5.24 3. 95 1.1 0.9 Earth 1 36 5d 30 1 637 8 5.52 4 1 1 Moon 1 27.3d* 1* ... 1 738 3. 34 3. 3 6.1 0.12 Mars 1.52 687d 24 0.11 33 98 3. 94 3. 75 2.5 0.8 Jupiter 5.2 11.9y 13 318 71,600 1 .32 Saturn 9.2 29.5y 9.7 95.2 60,000 0.69 Uranus 19.1 84y 6....

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... still occurring on the Earth as ocean-ridge basalts and oceanic plateaus are produced. At least on the Earth and Venus, where substantial heat was available, early crust and lithosphere were rapidly ... distance from the Sun, and the planetary mass all may have Comparative Evolution of the Atmospheres of the Earth, Venus, and Mars 38 5 Earth accretion, degassing, core formation, m...

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... appearance of, 239 –240 events 1.9 Ga, 33 6 34 5 2.7 Ga, 34 5 34 6 causes of mantle-plume, 34 7 35 0 mantle-plume, 31 5, 32 9 33 1, 33 1 34 7 evolution, comparative planetary, 35 5, 402–405 evolution, crustal and ... 37 4 37 5 comets and other icy bodies, 37 3 37 4 meteorites, 37 6 38 1 planets, 35 6 36 8 satellites and planetary rings, 36 8 37 3 stromatolites, 238 – 239 subco...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20