EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 2 potx
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 2 potx
... Settings
130˚
70˚
60˚
110˚
s
s
R
M
Eb
GBL
GSL
Cb
Beaufort
Sea
75˚
Nb
70˚
60˚
90˚
100˚
110˚
50˚
0
500
km
Sanivaq
Savage
Overby
Schultz
Tremblay
Mystery
Hudson
Bay
126 8
126 5
126 8
Fortress
126 7
126 7
126 8
Snow Bunting
127 2
126 7
Figure 3.10 The giant
Mackenzie dyke swarm in
northern Canada. This dyke
swarm was intruded at
126 7 Ma, probably ... Pangea. Laurentia, which is also pa...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 1 ppt
... 100 20 0 +20 0 to +25 0 0 .22
10. Ocean basin 38 12 S 50 +25 0 to +350 0 .29
11. Marginal-sea basin 4 2 U, I 50–150 +50 to +100 0 .25
12. Volcanic island <1 <1 I, U 60–80 +25 0 0 .25
13. Trench 2 ... Precambrian shield
q
o
= 50 mW/m
2
q
o
= 38 mW/m
2
Thickness Thickness
(km) A (mW/m
3
) q (mW/m
2
) (km) A (mW/m
3
) q (mW/m
2
)
10 0. 42 4 35 0.7* 25
90 0. 02 2 65 0...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 3 pot
... Mantle
SiO
2
46.0 44.1 46.6 43.6
TiO
2
0.18 0.09 0.04 0.134
Al
2
O
3
4.06 2. 20 1.46 1.18
FeOT 7.54 8.19 6 .24 8 .22
MgO 37.8 41 .2 44.1 45 .2
CaO 3 .21 2. 20 0.79 1.13
Na
2
O 0.33 0 .21 0.09 0. 02
K
2
O ... Hinterland Basins
Peripheral foreland and hinterland basins are like retroarc foreland basins in terms of sed-
iment provenance and tectonic evolution. Major peripheral fo...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 4 ppsx
... Indian ridge, and the Marion hotspot), low but variable
20 6
Pb/
20 4
Pb ratios occur in the volcanics, and a large range of
20 7
Pb/
20 4
Pb and
20 8
Pb/
20 4
Pb
ratios are found relative to the
20 6
Pb/
20 4
Pb ... oceanic
and continental areas (Fig. 4.18). Some occur on or near ocean ridges, such as Iceland,
St. Helena, and Tristan in the Atlantic basin, and others occur near the...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 5 ppt
... biosphere and
in particular by sulfate-reducing bacteria that inhabit shallow marine waters. Because of
1 92 The Atmosphere and Oceans
12
2.8 2. 4 2. 0 1.6
Age (Ga)
δ
13
C
1 .2 0.8 0.4
700 Ma
22 00 Ma
10
8
6
4
2
0
2
−4
Figure ... volcanic gases
178 The Atmosphere and Oceans
may have caused average ocean salinity to drop significantly during the Triassic and
Jurassic. Evaporite depo...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 6 ppt
... that
many nonvolatile elements such as U, Th, and rare earth elements (REEs), which are
Earth s Primitive Crust 26 7
Major Archean Cratons
Stanovoy
Aldan
Omolon
Ladoga
Anshan
Pilbara
Shabani
Barberton
Sao
Francisco
Univak
Acasta
Wyoming
Minnesota
EnderbyLand
Rocks ... about
530 Ma, land plants 470 Ma, vascular plants 410 Ma, amphibians 370 Ma, reptiles and
the amniote egg about 330 Ma,...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 7 pptx
... terranes with unique
stratigraphy and deformational histories (Van Kranendonk et al., 20 02) : an eastern
terrane (3. 72 2. 85 Ga), a western terrane (3 .27 2. 92 Ga), and the Kuranna terrane
(≤3 .29 ... of understanding, mantle plumes may
have been more frequent in the Archean than afterward.
Secular Changes in the Mantle 309
0 123 4
4
3
2
1
5
CaO (%)
AI
2
O
3
(%)
Archean
Proterozoi...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 8 ppt
... (g/cm
3
) (Earth = 1) (Earth = 1)
Mercury 0.387 88d 48 0.056 24 39 5.43 5.3 2. 5 12
Venus 0. 723 22 5d 35 0. 82 6051 5 .24 3.95 1.1 0.9
Earth 1 365d 30 1 6378 5. 52 4 1 1
Moon 1 27 .3d* 1* 0.0 12 1738 3.34 ... 0. 12
Mars 1. 52 687d 24 0.11 3398 3.94 3.75 2. 5 0.8
Jupiter 5 .2 11.9y 13 318 71,600 1. 32
Saturn 9 .2 29.5y 9.7 95 .2 60,000 0.69
Uranus 19.1 84y 6.8 14.5 25 ,60...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 9 ppsx
... Moon
Earth
1
Earth
2
Moon
3
Fe 29 .9 28 .2 8.3
O 30.9 32. 4 44.7
Si 17.4 17 .2 20.3
Mg 15.9 15.9 19.3
Ca 1.9 1.6 3 .2
Al 1.4 1.5 3 .2
Ni 1.7 1.6 0.6
Na 0.9 0 .25 0.06
K 0. 02 0. 02 0.01
Ti 0.05 0.07 0 .2
Values ... events can
be estimated. The most useful isotopic pairs are
92
Nb/
92
Zr (t
1 /2
= 36 My),
1 82
W/
1 82
Hf
(t
1 /2
= 9 My),
146
Sm/
1 42
Nd (t
1 /2
= 10...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 10 doc
... Cretaceous-Tertiary
boundary, 25 3 26 0
impact and 580-Ma mass, 26 0
impact related, 25 1 25 3
Permian-Triassic, 26 0 26 2
extinctions, mass, 24 5 26 2
extinctions at Cretaceous-Tertiary
boundary, 25 3 26 0
glaciation and mass
extinctions, ... time, 20 2 20 6
dolomite-limestone
problem, 20 6 20 7
early, 21 0
marine carbonates and
evaporites, 20 2 20 4
sea level, 199 20 2
sedimentary...
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