Báo cáo y học: "Inorganic pyrophosphate generation by transforming growth factor-beta-1 is mainly dependent on ANK induction by Ras/Raf-1/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways in chondrocytes" docx

... mainly by the induction of the Ank gene, which requires activation of Ras, Raf-1, ERK, and Ca 2+ -dependent PKC pathways in chondrocytes. Introduction Chondrocalcinosis is a frequent human disease ... 5 Contribution of protein kinase C (PKC) pathway to transforming growth factor-beta-1 (TGF-β1)-induced expression of the Ank geneContribution of protein kinase C (PKC...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:22

... counterstained in blue (hematoxylin). The respective staining with an isotype control instead of the specific pri- mary antibody is demonstrated in the insert; the magnification scale is shown in ... blot analysis with the present monoclonal antibody underestimates the total amount of protein by detecting only the active form of TGF-β1. In fact, newly synthesized TGF-β1 is p...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... phosphorylation pathways [12]. In our study, TNF-α had strong apoptosis-inhibiting effects on OA tenocytes. This was seen not only from a dose- dependent reduction in spontaneous apoptosis but also from ... tenocytes. In contrast to normal tenocytes, TNF-α inhibits spontaneous apoptosis in OA tenocytes and strongly prevents these cells from FasL induced apopto- sis. Our findings...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... strictly depend- ent on cell type. IL-8 is present in SSc skin and is produced by SSc fibroblasts in large amounts [53,54]. Consistent with the notion that IL-8 is induced by inflammatory cytokines, ... strongly by both U-0126 and PSI and weakly by the JNK inhibitor (Fig- ure 6a,c). Finally, IP-10 mRNA levels induced by Th1 cells were decreased by U-0126 and PSI, and d...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... arthritis. It remains to be determined whether circulating IL-1F8 can contribute to joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Introduction Until recently, the IL-1 family of cytokines included four ... days after the onset of arthritis, as well as in control naïve mice and in type II collagen-immunized mice exhibiting no clinical signs of arthritis. Finally, in contrast to our obser...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:22

... example adult tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, instead of articular chondrocytes, in order to minimize additional donor site morbidity caused by cartilage harvesting. To accomplish this, the scaffold ... long-lasting hyaline cartilage repair tissue remains a significant challenge [2,13]. Therefore, tissue engineering approaches are being aggressively investigated in an effort to e...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:21

... 12 months. An improvement of the DAS28 by >1.2 was considered a good response (if no progression of joint destruction were observed by X-ray analysis), a DAS28 reduction by ≤ 1.2 was considered ... observation is in line with reports on the pleiotropic/anti-inflammatory actions of IL-6 [27], which dem- onstrated the role of endogenous IL-6 in controlling the levels of proinf...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:23

... citation purposes) increasing disease severity. This is exactly the result we find. The authors of that study further found that the hyaluronan- binding (G1) domain of aggrecan is retained early in ... cartilage proteins containing this modification and to assess the functional consequences and biomarker applications of this analyte in OA. Introduction As proteins age, they undergo no...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:20

... shown). It is interesting to note that only one of the four NUP214-XKR3 fusions maintains an open reading frame downstream of the fusion event (Figure 3). This fusion was not detected by sequencing ... at this locus contributed to the multiple fusion transcripts observed. Discussion In this study, we demonstrated that combining hybridization capture of a cDNA library with Illumina seque...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... suffering; this trust made possible his frank discussions about deeply-held and often hidden explanations of AIDS misfortune. The chapters on conspiracy theories will be of most inter- est to clinicians, ... intentions of anyone who is personally enriched by biomedical research. Clearly, this is fertile ground for the emergence of a con- spiracy theory that holds biomedical research r...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20