... BDCA-4Toll-like receptors All except TLR7, TLR8 TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR8 TLR7, TLR9Major cytokines produced IL-12 IFN-αProduce proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in ... proinflammatory cytokines [36-38]. NF-κB-induced cytokines such as TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 activate innateresponses in RA, leading to the release of C-reactive protein(CRP) and complement, and to ... probably including the synovium [8,11].Furthermore DC, along with synoviocytes and macrophages,produce innate immune inflammatory mediators, and thesemediators drive inflammatory pathology in RA [7,12]....