... [9,10]. In the absence of ligand, the WPD loop of PTP1B and RPTPa adoptsan open (inactive) conformation, and upon ligand bind-ing, it adopts a closed (active) conformation (Fig. 3A). In oxidized ... cysteine Sc in the unoxidizedconformation. Oxidation of the catalytic cysteinedecreased the contacts made to the cysteine Scbutresulted in the formation of 17 additional interactionswith ... (active) conforma-tion upon ligand binding at low ionic strength. At high ionic strengths, theP-loop was observed in the closed, active conformation in both the pres-ence and absence of ligand....