Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: " Scots pine responses to number and density of inoculation points with Leptographium wingfieldii Morelet, a bark beetle-associated fungus" docx

... of the total number of inoculation points, as a large increase of blue stain- ing was observed in the sapwood with an increasing amount of inoculation points, at a density ... remained unaf- fected by density or total number of inoc- ulation points (figure 3). The total area of damaged sapwood increased significantly with inocul...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... timber and pine nuts. Together with these main commercial productions, stone pine forests play an important role as landscape gen- erators, recreational areas, and soil protectors. Management of ... Table III can be used to calculate the most likely of the four rot risk classes as a function, for each fixed basal area, of the age and the dominant height of the stand, ob...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:20

... population statistical evaluation of data was usually done on a standard significance level P < 0.05. e basic assumptions about data were as- sessed by exploratory data analysis (EDA) according ... cluster analysis (CLU) and principal component analysis (PCA) (J 1998). Alternatively to CLU multi- variate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied. CLU and MANOVA were...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 03:22

... damage to plantations becomes apparent, being unable to defend against this harmful factor. One of the reasons for this passive approach to deal- ing with damage caused by small mammals is certain ... of several fac- tors in a specific area at a specific time (S et al. 1993). e occurrence of damage cannot be predicted with certainty as significant damage may appe...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 03:22

... amount of parameters and standard deviations of residuals of the tested sites. Reference stand For a quantitative analysis of the parameterized allometric equations of this study and available ... significant, although MPE was further Table 2. Stand characteristics of a generated test stand exemplifying the typical management of oak; mean stand height, basal area and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 10:21

... per leaf. Stomata were counted and stomatal density (adaxial stomatal density, SDd, and abaxial stomatal density, SDb) was calculated as the number of stomata per unit leaf area (mm −2 ) (Tab. ... bilateral palisade parenchyma layers [15, 24, 57, 65, 70]. Leaves of P. trichocarpa are known to have a small number of large stomata and a low ratio of adaxial/abaxial s...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:21

... 67–81. [17] Pausas J.G., Bladé C., Valdecantos A. , et al., Pines and oaks in the restoration of Mediterranean landscapes of Spain: New perspectives for an old practice – a review, Plant Ecol. 171 ... Politécnica of Valencia and the Valencia Regional Government (Generalitat Valenciana). REFERENCES [1] Alloza J .A. , Análisis de repoblaciones forestales en la Comunidad Valenciana....

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:21

... 350-1 acts as a guideline for the determination and classification of the natural durability of solid wood against the attack of wood destroying organisms. Part 2 of the same standard illustrates * ... case useful to refer to the European standardization context related to the biological durability of wood and wood-based panels. The EN standards consider that, in case o...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... natural durability of Scots pine wood. The variation in the in vitro decay rate, and in the extractive content and sorp- tion of water by the sapwood and inner and outer heartwood of mature Scots ... this small degree of variation explained to some extent the large variation in the heartwood mass loss. The uptake of water at the start of the malt agar plate decay t...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... nigra (solid line) as a function of predicted past radial growth, dbh, basal area, and total basal area of larger trees (thin lines indicate the standard error of the mean). Figure 2. Measured and ... (m 2 ·ha –1 ), BALnig is the total basal area of P. nigra trees larger than the subject tree (m 2 ·ha –1 ), BALsyl+acc is the total basal area of trees other than P. nigra and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21