... the substrate via twoelements in ClpA, one in the N-domain and the other in the pore of the ClpA hexamer. In the case of shortunstructured peptides or unfolded proteins such ascasein, binding ... have analysed the role of five highly conserved basic residues in the N-domain of ClpA by monitor-ing the binding, unfolding and degradation of several different substrates,including short unstructured ... threedomains: an N-domain and two ATP-binding domainsreferred to as the D1 and D2 domains. Interestingly,deletion of the N-domain from ClpA not only abol-ishes binding of the adaptor protein, ClpS, but...