... architecture, together with penum-bra effects, smooths the irradiance distri-bution in dense canopies, maintainingmost of the leaf area in the linear part of the photosynthetic light ... tree height, height at point of crown insertion and at the widest point of the crown, crown radii in four orthogonal directions, and shape coeffi-cients of vertical crown ... radiation, and the spatial variability of the fluxes within and between tree crowns are examined. In the case of a homogeneous canopy,most of the incoming radiation would...