An Introduction to Thermodynamics phần 10 potx

... has run 100 m, the tortoise has moved only 10 m. When Achilles has run 10 m, the tortoise has moved 1 m. Each time Achilles runs the distance to where the tortoise had been, the tortoise will ... geometrically by an area. The second method may be called an antiderivative. Area. In section A.3 we looked at the equation for an ideal gas to find how one quantity changes as anothe...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... P dV is a change (in P and V, because P changes with V), so P dV is an inexact differential. W is an amount, not a change in work or any other property, so it is at best misleading to describe ... terminology can be an aid to understanding. Careless terminology is a hindrance to understanding. EQUATION OF STATE. Knowledge of two properties, or state functions, is generally suffici...

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... to the 7 /10/ 07 Intro- 8 analysis of equilibrium thermodynamics. We must, however, be sensitive to the differences between what is transferred and what is stored. The description of energy transfers ... far, thermodynamics has been shown to be correct. Energy The first step in understanding thermodynamics, and making it serve your purposes, is to learn how to evaluate changes i...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... wide, and 100 grains in the third direction, each yellow grain has 100 x 100 x 100 = 10 possible locations, which means that two grains have 10 x 10 = 10 possible locations 6 6 6 12 and the 10 grains ... after mixing? There is no energy advantage for the yellow grains to move to the bottom, or back to the top, or to any other specific location. We know that, once mixed,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... consisting of constant pressure and constant temperature segments, or constant volume and constant temperature segments. It may be, too, that it will be simpler to return to equation 32. For example, ... can be compensated by such a transfer of thermal energy. 7 /10/ 07 2- 40 Again consider a system constrained to constant total volume, and to have a uniform temperature. Then, as bef...

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... ln 7 /10/ 07 2- 54 3. Find ∆S when 2 mol of an ideal gas at 25 C is expanded into vacuum to 10 times its original o volume. 4. A vessel containing 5 mol of an ideal gas, A, is connected to an identical ... equations 36 and 37 for an adiabatic, reversible expansion of an ideal gas can be put into the following forms: a. TV V = constant, or T /T = (V /V ) V. R/C R/C 1 2 2 1 b....

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... important, for example, in the storage of gasoline, which is a mixture of many hydrocarbons. The storage tanks must be vented to the air and consequently water vapor can condense in the tanks. ... constituents, on the temperature, and on the pressure. Therefore the change in free energy arising from changes in any of these quantities can be written as the sum It is to be understood that e...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... molality of the ethanol and acetone if water is considered to be the solvent. c. Find the molality of the water and acetone if the ethanol is considered to be the solvent. 10. The solubility ... equilibrium constant”) is rigorously constant! 7 /10/ 07 4- 90 Equilibrium Constants At equilibrium, under constant temperature and pressure, the free-energy change is zero and equation 6 becomes...

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... 250 C, o o H + I 2 HI 2 2 Ms s 10 x 6.7 1.0 10 x 78.1 4 4- -10 3 = = M s 10 x 5.3 0.5 x 1.0 10 x 78.1 9- -10 = = 7 /10/ 07 4- 93 1.78 x 10 = s(2s) -10 2 s = 3.5 x 10 M -4 This is the solubility ... decomposition of methanol, at this temperature and o constant volume, if the initial pressure of pure methanol is 5 atm. 7. Water and solid sulfur can react to form SO and H...

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... can be totally converted to thermal energy (or “heat”) but thermal energy cannot be totally converted to work (i.e., mechanical energy) in a cyclic process. Thermodynamics provides an understanding ... of statistical mechanics, it is possible to predict which substances are likely to be “apparent exceptions” to the third law and to calculate the exact amount of the discrepancy...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21