An Introduction to Thermodynamics phần 9 ppsx

... of statistical mechanics, it is possible to predict which substances are likely to be “apparent exceptions” to the third law and to calculate the exact amount of the discrepancy to be expected. ... Engines and Absolute Zero Many innovations of thought and technology contributed to the Industrial Revolution, but certainly a major factor in its development was the replacement of hum...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... consisting of constant pressure and constant temperature segments, or constant volume and constant temperature segments. It may be, too, that it will be simpler to return to equation 32. For example, ... -33.4 2 3 2 Br g 30 .9 3.1 I c(rh) 0 0 2 2 C diamond 1 .9 2 .9 NH g -45 .9 -16.4 3 C graphite 0 0 aq -362.5 -236.5 CF g -93 3.6(6 39. 9) 66.2 NH Cl c -314.4 -202 .9 4 4 CCl lq -...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... far, thermodynamics has been shown to be correct. Energy The first step in understanding thermodynamics, and making it serve your purposes, is to learn how to evaluate changes in energy in any ... hotter, without any transfer of energy to or from the surroundings.) Or the thermal energy can be transferred to or from the surroundings either as thermal energy transfers or as work....

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... P dV is a change (in P and V, because P changes with V), so P dV is an inexact differential. W is an amount, not a change in work or any other property, so it is at best misleading to describe ... terminology can be an aid to understanding. Careless terminology is a hindrance to understanding. EQUATION OF STATE. Knowledge of two properties, or state functions, is generally suffici...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... 2 ∆H = - 39, 240 - 25 .9 x 24 - 11,780 - 23.7 x 70 - 29. 4 x 94 - 296 ,90 0 + 41 .9 x 94 J/mol 392 = - 3 49. 0 kJ/mol Note that temperature differences can be found without conversion to the Kelvin ... 1 19 C ( 392 K) can be calculated as follows (see 2 o Figure 5). ∆H = - ∆H - C (m) (1 19 - 95 ) - ∆H - C (r) (95 - 25) - C (O ) (1 19 - 25) 392 fusion P tr P P 2 + ∆H + C (...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... equations 36 and 37 for an adiabatic, reversible expansion of an ideal gas can be put into the following forms: a. TV V = constant, or T /T = (V /V ) V. R/C R/C 1 2 2 1 b. PV = constant, or P /P ... of an ideal gas at 25 C is expanded into vacuum to 10 times its original o volume. 4. A vessel containing 5 mol of an ideal gas, A, is connected to an identical vessel containing 5...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... important, for example, in the storage of gasoline, which is a mixture of many hydrocarbons. The storage tanks must be vented to the air and consequently water vapor can condense in the tanks. ... constituents, on the temperature, and on the pressure. Therefore the change in free energy arising from changes in any of these quantities can be written as the sum It is to be understood that e...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... equilibrium constant”) is rigorously constant! 7/10/07 4- 90 Equilibrium Constants At equilibrium, under constant temperature and pressure, the free-energy change is zero and equation 6 becomes For any given ... pressure, and concentrations of A, B, C, and D (not yet specified here), a moles of substance A react with b moles of substance B to form c moles of substance C and d moles of sub...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... decomposition of methanol, at this temperature and o constant volume, if the initial pressure of pure methanol is 5 atm. 7. Water and solid sulfur can react to form SO and H S according to the equation 2 ... equilibrium constant at the temperature T , K the equilibrium 2 2 1 constant at T , ∆H is the enthalpy change for the reaction with all reactants and products in their 1 o standard st...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... tortoise has moved 1 m. Each time Achilles runs the distance to where the tortoise had been, the tortoise will have moved to a new location, ahead of Achilles. Will Achilles ever catch the tortoise? What ... geometrically by an area. The second method may be called an antiderivative. Area. In section A.3 we looked at the equation for an ideal gas to find how one quantity changes...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21