An Introduction to Thermodynamics phần 1 pdf
An Introduction to Thermodynamics phần 1 pdf
... “system” and “surroundings” is meant to be an aid, not a
liability. On the other hand, it has been shown many times that disdaining the definitions of
7 /10 /07 1- 11
thermodynamics. It is just the ... to the
7 /10 /07 Intro- 8
analysis of equilibrium thermodynamics. We must, however, be sensitive to the differences
between what is transferred and what is stored.
The description o...
An Introduction to Thermodynamics phần 8 pdf
... 250 C,
o o
H + I 2 HI
2 2
Ms
s
10 x 6.7
1. 0
10 x 78 .1
4
4-
-10
3
=
=
M
s
10 x 5.3
0.5 x 1. 0
10 x 78 .1
9-
-10
=
=
7 /10 /07 4- 93
1. 78 x 10 = s(2s)
-10 2
s = 3.5 x 10 M
-4
This is the solubility ... the right-
hand side and find (5 - 2x):
(
)
(
)
( )
torr
0 .11 9 atm 10 x 56 .1
012 5.0
ln840 ,10
4-
2 /1
2 /12
2
2
2
2
==
==
−==∆
=
O
O
o
OAg
OAg
P
PK
KRTG
a
aa
K
(
)...
An Introduction to Thermodynamics phần 2 potx
... preceding
∫
=−=∆
2
1
12
E
E
dEEEE
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
xxxdx
x
x
−=
∫
( ) ( )
11 22
,
,
,
,
22
11
22
11
yxyxxydydxxdy
yx
yx
yx
yx
−==+
∫∫
∫
22
11
,
,
yx
yx
ydx
( )
+−+=+=
∫∫
1
3
12
3
2
2
,
,
3
3
1
3
3
1
... in Table 1.
Table 1 GAS CONSTANT
AND CONVERSION FACTORS
1 joule = 1 newton·meter = 0.239 cal = 1 pascal·meter
3
1 cal (thermochemical) =...
An Introduction to Thermodynamics phần 3 docx
...
reaction
absorbed equals the change in energy when the system follows a constant-volume path and
because ∆E is fixed by the initial and final states.
reaction
(10 )
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
dE
dE
dS
dE
dE
dS
dE
dE
dS
dE
dE
dS
dE
dE
dS
dS
−=
+==
(11 ) ... wide, and 10 0 grains in the third direction, each yellow grain has 10 0 x 10 0 x
10 0 = 10 possible locations, whi...
An Introduction to Thermodynamics phần 4 ppsx
... o
AgBr c -10 0.4 -96.9 H O g -2 41. 8 -228.6
2
AgCl c -12 7.0 -10 9.8 lq -285.8 -237 .1
AgI c - 61. 8 -66.2 H O g -18 7.8 -12 0.4
2 2
Ag O c - 31. 1 -11 .2 lq -13 6.3 -10 5.6
2
Al O c -16 75.7 -15 82.3 H S ... 2
CO g -11 0.5 -13 7.2 NO g 91. 3 87.6
CO g -393.5 -394.4 NO g 33.2 51. 3
2 2
CaCO calcite -12 07.6 -11 29 .1 N O g 11 .1 99.8
3 2 4
aragonite -12 07.8 -11 28.2 NaCl c - 411...
An Introduction to Thermodynamics phần 5 docx
... pressure can be calculated as follows.
1
where we have inserted the value 0. 917 g/cm for the density of ice and 1 atm = 1. 013 25 x 10 Pa
3 5
(1 Pa = 1 pascal = 1 N/m = 1 J/m ).
2 3
7 /10 /07 3- 57
3 ... x, ln (1 + x) = x.
2 1 2 1 2 1 1
Therefore, for (T - T )/T small, ∆P = ∆H/∆V ∆T/T or ∆P/∆T = ∆H/T∆V.
2 1 1 1
7 /10 /07 3- 58
We change the temperature and simultane...
An Introduction to Thermodynamics phần 6 docx
... dNdNfdNN
0ln
32
1
1
1
=++ NN
f
f
N
o
o
o
o
o
o
f
ff
f
ff
f
f
1
11
1
11
1
1
1lnln
−
−=
−
−=
0
13 1 211 11
=++−
ooo
fNfNfNfN
(
)
(29) 1
111 1
Nf fN
o
=→
N may be considered as constant during ... RTNVP
oo
11 1
= RTNVP
11 1
=
1
V
(
)
(
)
RTNVPRTNNVPP
oo
211 111 1
or =∆−=−
dT
T
f
dT
T
f
dN
N
f
N
o
N
T
2
2
11
2
2
1
lnlnln
∂
∂
=
∂...
An Introduction to Thermodynamics phần 7 pot
... (∆N = N - N ) and ∆H is
1 1 1 1 1
A B
the enthalpy of transition .
(11 )
1
1
1
1
N
f
f
a
o
==
(12 )
11 1
Na
γ
=
(13 )
2
2
2
2
2
c
k
f
f
f
a
o
===
7 /10 /07 4- 87
f = f N
1 1 1
o
— in which ... 2
1
1
RT
TH
N
∆∆
=∆
)(
11 1
BA
HHH −=∆
7 /10 /07 3- 83
15 . The vapor pressures of benzene and toluene, at 27 C, are 12 0 and 40 torr. Assuming an ideal
o
solution, what is...
An Introduction to Thermodynamics phần 9 ppsx
... choose to let T = 0. Then either T > 0 or T = 0. If T
1 2 2 1 1 1
> 0, then
(3a)
2
1
2
1
Q
Q
T
T
−
=
7 /10 /07 5- 11 3
into the room. But no, for the same reasons discussed by Curzon and Ahlborn, ... is analogous to Kirchhoff’s law (equation 17 ,
Chapter 1) . For a constant pressure,
(4a)
-
efficiency
11
T
T
Q
W
∆
==
%4. 21
373
80 -
eff
11
==
∆
==
T
T
Q
W
%65...
An Introduction to Thermodynamics phần 10 potx
... has run 10 0 m,
the tortoise has moved only 10 m. When Achilles has run 10 m, the tortoise has moved 1 m.
Each time Achilles runs the distance to where the tortoise had been, the tortoise will ... would still give 1. But
1/ x, as x becomes small, becomes very large, and any number greater than 1 raised to a
(
)
x
x
/1
1+
7 /10 /07 A- 12 6
sufficiently high power should give a...
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