An Introduction to Thermodynamics phần 1 pdf

... “system” and “surroundings” is meant to be an aid, not a liability. On the other hand, it has been shown many times that disdaining the definitions of 7 /10 /07 1- 11 thermodynamics. It is just the ... to the 7 /10 /07 Intro- 8 analysis of equilibrium thermodynamics. We must, however, be sensitive to the differences between what is transferred and what is stored. The description o...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... 250 C, o o H + I 2 HI 2 2 Ms s 10 x 6.7 1. 0 10 x 78 .1 4 4- -10 3 = = M s 10 x 5.3 0.5 x 1. 0 10 x 78 .1 9- -10 = = 7 /10 /07 4- 93 1. 78 x 10 = s(2s) -10 2 s = 3.5 x 10 M -4 This is the solubility ... the right- hand side and find (5 - 2x): ( ) ( ) ( ) torr 0 .11 9 atm 10 x 56 .1 012 5.0 ln840 ,10 4- 2 /1 2 /12 2 2 2 2 == == −==∆ = O O o OAg OAg P PK KRTG a aa K ( )...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... preceding ∫ =−=∆ 2 1 12 E E dEEEE 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 xxxdx x x −= ∫ ( ) ( ) 11 22 , , , , 22 11 22 11 yxyxxydydxxdy yx yx yx yx −==+ ∫∫ ∫ 22 11 , , yx yx ydx ( )       +−+=+= ∫∫ 1 3 12 3 2 2 , , 3 3 1 3 3 1 ... in Table 1. Table 1 GAS CONSTANT AND CONVERSION FACTORS 1 joule = 1 newton·meter = 0.239 cal = 1 pascal·meter 3 1 cal (thermochemical) =...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... reaction absorbed equals the change in energy when the system follows a constant-volume path and because ∆E is fixed by the initial and final states. reaction (10 ) 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 dE dE dS dE dE dS dE dE dS dE dE dS dE dE dS dS −= +== (11 ) ... wide, and 10 0 grains in the third direction, each yellow grain has 10 0 x 10 0 x 10 0 = 10 possible locations, whi...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... o AgBr c -10 0.4 -96.9 H O g -2 41. 8 -228.6 2 AgCl c -12 7.0 -10 9.8 lq -285.8 -237 .1 AgI c - 61. 8 -66.2 H O g -18 7.8 -12 0.4 2 2 Ag O c - 31. 1 -11 .2 lq -13 6.3 -10 5.6 2 Al O c -16 75.7 -15 82.3 H S ... 2 CO g -11 0.5 -13 7.2 NO g 91. 3 87.6 CO g -393.5 -394.4 NO g 33.2 51. 3 2 2 CaCO calcite -12 07.6 -11 29 .1 N O g 11 .1 99.8 3 2 4 aragonite -12 07.8 -11 28.2 NaCl c - 411...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... pressure can be calculated as follows. 1 where we have inserted the value 0. 917 g/cm for the density of ice and 1 atm = 1. 013 25 x 10 Pa 3 5 (1 Pa = 1 pascal = 1 N/m = 1 J/m ). 2 3 7 /10 /07 3- 57 3 ... x, ln (1 + x) = x. 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 Therefore, for (T - T )/T small, ∆P = ∆H/∆V ∆T/T or ∆P/∆T = ∆H/T∆V. 2 1 1 1 7 /10 /07 3- 58 We change the temperature and simultane...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... dNdNfdNN 0ln 32 1 1 1 =++ NN f f N o o o o o o f ff f ff f f 1 11 1 11 1 1 1lnln − −=         − −= 0 13 1 211 11 =++− ooo fNfNfNfN ( ) (29) 1 111 1 Nf fN o =→ N may be considered as constant during ... RTNVP oo 11 1 = RTNVP 11 1 = 1 V ( ) ( ) RTNVPRTNNVPP oo 211 111 1 or =∆−=− dT T f dT T f dN N f N o N T 2 2 11 2 2 1 lnlnln         ∂ ∂ =       ∂...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... (∆N = N - N ) and ∆H is 1 1 1 1 1 A B the enthalpy of transition . (11 ) 1 1 1 1 N f f a o == (12 ) 11 1 Na γ = (13 ) 2 2 2 2 2 c k f f f a o === 7 /10 /07 4- 87 f = f N 1 1 1 o — in which ... 2 1 1 RT TH N ∆∆ =∆ )( 11 1 BA HHH −=∆ 7 /10 /07 3- 83 15 . The vapor pressures of benzene and toluene, at 27 C, are 12 0 and 40 torr. Assuming an ideal o solution, what is...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... choose to let T = 0. Then either T > 0 or T = 0. If T 1 2 2 1 1 1 > 0, then (3a) 2 1 2 1 Q Q T T − = 7 /10 /07 5- 11 3 into the room. But no, for the same reasons discussed by Curzon and Ahlborn, ... is analogous to Kirchhoff’s law (equation 17 , Chapter 1) . For a constant pressure, (4a) - efficiency 11 T T Q W ∆ == %4. 21 373 80 - eff 11 == ∆ == T T Q W %65...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21

... has run 10 0 m, the tortoise has moved only 10 m. When Achilles has run 10 m, the tortoise has moved 1 m. Each time Achilles runs the distance to where the tortoise had been, the tortoise will ... would still give 1. But 1/ x, as x becomes small, becomes very large, and any number greater than 1 raised to a ( ) x x /1 1+ 7 /10 /07 A- 12 6 sufficiently high power should give a...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 15:21