... Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit,Amsterdam, the Netherlands;2Department of Medical Oncology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsSignal transduction pathways are often ... targetgenes expressed [16], and also affects the type of cellularresponse that is evoked [17,18]. Activation of ERK isrequired for proliferation of fibroblasts [19] and constitutiveERK activation ... and 2 by epidermal growth factor and 4b-phorbol12-myristate 13-acetateJorrit J. Hornberg1, Marloes R. Tijssen1 and Jan Lankelma1,21Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of...