... corresponding to the predisposing, incit-ing, and contributing stressing factors, respectively. Declineis induced by the sequential occurrence of one stressing factorfrom each ring, factors within ... water stress (minimum predawn leaf potentials of –1.5 to –2 MPa) was shown to be effective in increasing symptomseverity, e.g. inducing a two-fold increase in canker length, in various pine species ... temperature of S. sapinea is close to 30◦C, [42], nitrogen deposition [62], and increased traderesulting in new introductions, including strains of higher viru-lence (especially via asymptomatic infected...