Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Response to natural and simulated browsing of two Mediterranean oaks with contrasting leaf habit after a wildfire" docx

... late winter to early summer, and eat foliage, shoots and acorns of oaks in summer and autumn [20]. We have carried out two different studies in these rangelands to assess the effect of post-fire natural and ... Mediterranean oaks with contrasting leaf habit after a wildfire Josep Maria E * , Abdessamad H ,JavierR Centre de Recerca Ecològica i...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:22

... 81– 100%) was used to evaluate the percentage of symptomatic leaves per seedling. We considered that a leaf was symptomatic if at least 2% of his area was injured. 2.3. Enzymatic analysis 2.3.1. ... nL.L −1 O 3 have more than 80% of symptomatic leaves. Response of Acer saccharum to an O 3 gradient 389 when available. The cumulative effects of O 3 on the biomass were analyzed...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:22

... Mts. and in the region of Bohemian-Moravian Upland or in a mu- tual comparison between the two regions (see stand situation 5, mutual comparison of stand situation 2 and 3, mutual comparison of ... composition of forest stands being rather low, the study of the species and mainly of its root system has been paid little attention so far. Available data which are how...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20

... and annual mean maximum air temperature (T max ), monthly and annual mean minimum air temperatures (T min ), monthly and annual mean air temperature (T m ) and total monthly and annual rainfall ... determined drying at 80 °C to constant mass. Leaf mass per unit leaf area (LMA, mg cm –2 ) was calculated by the ratio of leaf dry mass and one-sided leaf area [50]; specifi...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:22

... ha –1 ). During the following decades, Figure 1. Total basal area (m 2 ha –1 ), and basal area distribution of Picea glauca, Populus tremuloides and Abies balsamea along a chro- nosequence after ... dominant tree species (Picea glauca, Populus tremuloides and Abies balsamea) were recorded, and basal area was calculated. White spruce (P. glauca) tree height was measured with a...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:22

... 245–254 Table 4. Climatic data in 1961–2004 and comparison with normal values in 1961–1990 Period Characteristics and measured values mean annual air temperatures (°C) mean air temperatures in ... increase in July and August). Annual solar radiation increased by 210 hours in the aligned series, the onset date of mean air temperatures of 0°C was gradually shifted backwards up...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 03:22

... challenges limit the number of stand-level estimates of total leaf area, to the extent that rela- tively little is known about causes of variation in total leaf area and its annual and seasonal ... species, leaf surface area comprises the vast majority of the total pho- tosynthetic surface area and is most commonly measured as projected or one-sided leaf area. Total l...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:20

... height of crown base on age, height and dbh together with associated relevant statistics. Variable Estimated parameter Standard error T to H0: parameter = 0 Prob > |T| Variance inflation factor Intercept ... growth and natural pruning of Parana pine, Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O Ktze., to produce high value timber Leif NUTTO a , Peter SPATHELF b *, Robert ROGERS c a...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:21

... corresponding to an average production of Norway spruce of about 9 m 3 ha –1 year –1 , which is an average value for the area. Yearly precipitation in the area is about 700 mm and it is relatively ... herbicide and fertilization treatments before planting and after the first and second growing season. Standard error of the mean are given in italics Not irrigated Irrigated...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... predation was estimated in the following way. Pre- dation was counted as ratio of bark damaged by birds and total bark area with galleries. e influ- ence of insects’ predation and parasitoids ... 1836 Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae parasitoid, hyperparasitoid 140 226 366 Eurytoma arctica omson, 1876 Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae parasitoid, hyperparasitoid 155 108 263 ? Hymenoptera: Brac...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 03:22