Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: " Consequences of increased deer browsing winter on silver fir and spruce regeneration in the Southern Vosges mountains: Implications for forest management" potx

... browsing. 175 Ann. For. Sci. 62 (2005) 175–181 © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2005 DOI: 10.1051 /forest: 2005009 Original article Consequences of increased deer browsing winter on silver fir and spruce regeneration in the ... Browsing low, Bm+h: Browsing medium + high. (1) Comparison of the distribution of the three types of fir regenera- tion with the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:21

... factors affecting them before, during, and after the stress event, and the influence of those same factors on the secondary pathogens responsible for the death of the trees. ... Pre- dicting the effects of secondary organisms is the weakest link in the ’model’ because there is not adequate information on population dynamics and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... sporadically in the area and very rarely in the zone of continuous distribution of the species. Some increase in fre- quency of hybridization is noted by the northern boundary of the species ... preventing hybridization between A. incana and A. glutinosa, there are some other mechanisms of their isolation, as these species grow together in a large area i...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 03:22

... thickness of the line). They were then transferred onto a transparent Mylar film containing additional information such as pith location and annual ring limits, using pens of different colours. The ... observation of the complex shape of tension wood zones on the right side and the rounded spots drawn on the left side in Figures 2 to 5 clearly reveals that the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:21

... the individual 5 of the sample 3, the section 3.5.111 is the apical section. The section 3.4.1 is the basal section of the individual 4 of the sample 3, the section 3.4.5 is the apical section. Can ... stems in the youngest age classes suggested that deer impact has been strong on these shrubs for at least 20 years in the northern sites and for abou...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:21

... mitigation, and the first of all are those associating with the conversion of native forest to agricultural systems, especially in the tropical zone. However, the effects of conversion of natural forest ... weed-controlling and fertiliz- ing during the first 3 years, and thinning twice between 10 ~ 15 year old. The normal rotation length is 30 years for the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:22

... dépérissement the floodplain stand presenting the highest ratios and most severe decreases, and the solonetz, the lowest ratios and limited decreases. CONCLUSION These investigations strongly ... grateful to the International Science Foun- dation for supporting travel costs and to J Bohin and E Dreyer for help in organizing his partici-...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... strongly influences growth of trees and might also be involved in today’s forest decline. There are considerable dif- ferences in susceptibility to environmental constraints ... shoots alternating between spruces and Douglas firs. The results were based on needle dry weight at the end of the vegetation period. Water relation parameters of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... authors read and approved the final manuscript. Competing interests The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. Received: ... cell death and DNA fragmentation. Inhibition of PAR-2 expression suppresses H. pylori- induced activation of MAPK in gastric epithelial cells To determine the rol...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Changes of partitioning and increased root lengths of spruce and beech exposed to ambient pollution concentrations in southern England G. Taylor 1 M.C. Dobson 2 P.H. Freer-Smith 2 Division ... an incit- ing factor, accelerating the decline of forest trees exposed to chronic doses of air pollution. For instance, many reports suggest that majo...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20