Control Engineering - A guide for beginners - Chapter 3 pptx

... by a time-dependent factor. In this way, using a D component, a sudden change in process variable, for example, can be made to have exactly the same initial effect as a much larger control deviation. In ... working point A P controller only produces a manipulating variable when there is a control deviation, as we al- ready know from the controller equation. This means that...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... manipulating variable on the regulating valve. The actuating controller operates the ac- tuator via two switching outputs, and receives an actuator retransmission signal (usually a stan- dard signal 0/4 ... variable (y R ) of the continuous controller. A modulating controller does not receive an actuator retransmission signal and must always assu- me a linear actuator action. If the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... the manipulating variable MV. There are a number of ways to carry out this task: me- chanical, pneumatic, electrical, mathematical. The mechanical controller, for example, alters a sig- nal through ... this way leads to a loss of informa- tion about the measured signal. Binary signals In their simplest form the signals can only have two states, and are therefore called binary signals....

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... T g Temperature small electrically-heated oven large electrically-heated furnace large gas-fired reheating furnace autoclave high-pressure autoclave injection molding machine extruder packaging machine ... of a change in manipu- lating variable is only reproduced in the process variable after the dead time has elapsed. If the change in manipulating variable was too large, there is a time...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... error is also used as a measure of control quality (see Fig. 46). Linear control area (linear optimum): [A] min = A 1 - A 2 + A 3 Magnitude control area (magnitude optimum): [A] min = | A 1 ... distur- bances of the characteristics in a control loop normally has to be accepted as given, good control quality can only be achieved by a suitable choice of con...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... transfer from automatic to manual mode, where the manipulating variable remains at its current value, and can then be changed manually. In case of a broken probe, caused, for example, by a cable fault ... invaluable for trials and test runs, when the manipulating variable has to be operated in manual mode, i.e. without automatic control. They can be integrated in the controller or a...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... such as temperature, pressure or voltage has to take up a specified value, and maintain it as accurately as possible. A simple example is a furnace whose temperature has to be maintained constant. ... output variables. 1.9 Main areas of control engineering Today, control engineering has applications in almost every area of technology. In Chapter 1.1 we have already seen that t...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 00:14

... 03_ 96 238 4 flast.qxd 2 /3/ 05 12:15 AM Page xxviii xix ∂ ∂ PRACTICING ORGANIZATION CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT SERIES BOARD STATEMENT O n behalf of the advisory board, I am pleased to be a part of and ... but not constrained by theory and practice and geared to providing advice on the practical issues and applications facing organizations and their leaders. Again, Practicing Organization Dev...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 02:20

... kinds are crossed that the result is called a hybrid; for example, a blackjack oak on a white oak, an apple on a pear. If the parent plants are closely related, for example, two kinds of apples, ... starch and sugar immediately. At other times it stores both away, as it does in the Irish and the sweet potato and in beets, cabbage, peas, and beans. These plants are used as food by...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20

... with a Gmail account. To create a Gmail address, go to http://mail.google.com. Gmail and Other Email If you like, Gmail can check other email addresses, and it can also forward email to another address. ... Drupal can be a way for a library, local government, or company to actually save money, and reduce complexity in running and maintaining a website. Todd has overseen the develo...

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2014, 15:45