... from a set S that contains s symbols is said to be anorthogonal array with s levels, strength t and index λ if every N ×t subarray of A contains∗Osaka prefectual Nagano high school, 1-1-2 Hara, ... Hara, Kawachinagano, Osaka, Japan,e-mail; denen482@yahoo.co .jpthe electronic journal of combinatorics 18 (2011), #P69 1 PROOF. From Lemmas A, B, C and the theorem of Veblen and Young, we have ... case.the electronic journal of combinatorics 18 (2011), #P69 8each t−tuple based on S exactly λ times as a row. We denote the array A by OA(N, k, s, t).Orthogonal arrays with parameters OA(sn,...