Ocean Modelling for Beginners Phần 6 potx

... adjacent sea-level grid points J. K ¨ ampf, Ocean Modelling for Beginners, DOI 10.1007/978-3 -64 2-00820-7 5, C  Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 91 4 .6 Exercise 7: Long Waves in a Layered Fluid ... reason for wave steep- ening is that the phase speed under a wave crest exceed that under a wave trough according to (4. 16) . 5.3.7 Additional Exercise for the Reader Repeat...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20

... Q y ∂y = 0 (6. 40) Fig. 6. 11 The dynamical structure of the ocean 1 26 6 Rotational Effects d(PV) dt = 0 (6. 23) where the quantity PV, called potential vorticity, is define by: PV = f +ξ h (6. 24) In ... waves support the creation of such standing waves. Despite the Fig. 6. 6 Exercise 16. Same as Fig. 6. 5, but for Scenario 2 6. 7 Exercise 17: Barotropic Instability 135 grid spaci...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20

... 137, 139, 152, 164 , 165 , 166 gravity, 35, 41, 50, 51, 165 , 166 pressure-gradient, 41–43, 46, 47, 50, 51, 79, 119, 123, 130, 137, 148 reduced-gravity, 165 , 166 Froude number, 62 G Geostrophic adjustment, ... 127 absolute, 1 26 relative, 125, 1 26, 127, 130, 131, 142, 153, 155, 158, 160 potential, 124, 1 26 127, 130, 153, 154, 1 56 W Wave circular, 94 interference, 25– 26 period,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20

... Instability 158 6. 15.1 Aim 158 6. 15.2 TaskDescription 158 6. 15.3 Results 159 6. 15.4 SampleCodeandAnimationScript 161 6. 15.5 Additional Exercise for the Reader . 162 6. 16 Density-DrivenFlows 162 6. 16. 1 Background ... Background . . . . . 162 6. 17 Exercise 22: Reduced-Gravity Plumes . 163 6. 17.1 Aim 163 6. 17.2 TaskDescription 163 6. 17.3 Write a New Simulation Code? . ....

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20

... 100 19.090.0 28.181.0 37.29 72.9 46. 56 65 .6 55.959.0 65 .31 53.1 74.78 47.8 84.343.0 93.87 38.7 10 3.49 34.9 11 3.14 31.4 12 2.82 28.2 13 2.54 25.4 14 2.29 22.9 15 2. 06 20 .6 16 1.85 18.5 17 1 .67 16. 7 18 1.515.0 19 ... speed into a certain direction. J. K ¨ ampf, Ocean Modelling for Beginners, DOI 10.1007/978-3 -64 2-00820-7 3, C  Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 17...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20

... its local form is given by: ∂u ∂x + ∂v ∂y + ∂w ∂z = 0 (3 .64 ) For a linear equation of state and the assumption that eddy diffusivities are the same for temperature and salinity, we can formulate ... follows a circular path and completes the 3.17 Scaling 61 3. 16. 2 Boundary Conditions for Oceanic Applications Wind stress operates as a frictional force at the sea surface. The associa...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20

... ·3 ∂ 3 f ∂x 3 +··· (4.3) J. K ¨ ampf, Ocean Modelling for Beginners, DOI 10.1007/978-3 -64 2-00820-7 4, C  Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 65 72 4 Long Waves in a Channel Fig. 4 .6 The control-volume approach. ... algorithm 4.4 .6 Sample Code and Animation Script FORTRAN simulation codes and Scilab animation scripts for both scenarios can be found in the folder “Exercise...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20

... equations. 6. 1.2 Implementation of the Coriolis Force The shallow-water equations are solved in the following steps. J. K ¨ ampf, Ocean Modelling for Beginners, DOI 10.1007/978-3 -64 2-00820-7 6, C  Springer-Verlag ... terms for v are constructed in a similar fashion. Fig. 5. 16 Illustration of locations of layer-thickness h and u grid points for the discretisation of the ho...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20

... as: ξ 1 =− h H 1 f (6. 66) Equations (6. 65) and (6. 66) can be combined to yield an equation in the single variable h; that is, ∂ 2 h ∂r 2 = h R 2 (6. 67) where the internal Rossby radius of deformation is ... and Eqs. (6. 56) and (6. 57) can be written as: ∂u 1 ∂t =−g  ∂h 1 ∂x (6. 59) 152 6 Rotational Effects Fig. 6. 20 Illustration for the description of the geostrophic adjustment...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 04:20

... P ∂z − g  3.7 Forces 27 3.7 Forces 3.7.1 What Forces Do A non-zero force operates to change the speed and/or the direction of motion of a flui parcel. In geophysical flui dynamics, forces are conventionally ... existence of apparent forces. There are two different apparent forces involved in the observed curved path of the object, namely the centrifugal force and the Coriolis force (Coriolis...

Ngày tải lên: 23/09/2012, 14:49