Ocean Modelling for Beginners Phần 6 potx
.Ocean Modelling for Beginners Phần 6 potx
... adjacent sea-level grid points
J. K
¨
ampf, Ocean Modelling for Beginners,
DOI 10.1007/978-3 -64 2-00820-7
5,
C
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009
91
4 .6 Exercise 7: Long Waves in a Layered Fluid ... reason for wave steep-
ening is that the phase speed under a wave crest exceed that under a wave trough
according to (4. 16) .
5.3.7 Additional Exercise for the Reader
Repeat...
.Ocean Modelling for Beginners Phần 8 potx
... Q
y
∂y
= 0 (6. 40)
Fig. 6. 11 The dynamical structure of the ocean
1 26 6 Rotational Effects
d(PV)
dt
= 0 (6. 23)
where the quantity PV, called potential vorticity, is define by:
PV =
f +ξ
h
(6. 24)
In ... waves support the creation of such standing waves. Despite the
Fig. 6. 6 Exercise 16. Same as Fig. 6. 5, but for Scenario 2
6. 7 Exercise 17: Barotropic Instability 135
grid spaci...
.Ocean Modelling for Beginners Phần 10 potx
... 137, 139, 152,
164 , 165 , 166
gravity, 35, 41, 50, 51, 165 , 166
pressure-gradient, 41–43, 46, 47, 50, 51,
79, 119, 123, 130, 137, 148
reduced-gravity, 165 , 166
Froude number, 62
G
Geostrophic
adjustment, ... 127
absolute, 1 26
relative, 125, 1 26, 127, 130, 131, 142, 153,
155, 158, 160
potential, 124, 1 26 127, 130, 153, 154, 1 56
W
Wave
circular, 94
interference, 25– 26
period,...
.Ocean Modelling for Beginners Phần 1 doc
... Instability 158
6. 15.1 Aim 158
6. 15.2 TaskDescription 158
6. 15.3 Results 159
6. 15.4 SampleCodeandAnimationScript 161
6. 15.5 Additional Exercise for the Reader . 162
6. 16 Density-DrivenFlows 162
6. 16. 1 Background ... Background . . . . . 162
6. 17 Exercise 22: Reduced-Gravity Plumes . 163
6. 17.1 Aim 163
6. 17.2 TaskDescription 163
6. 17.3 Write a New Simulation Code? . ....
.Ocean Modelling for Beginners Phần 2 ppt
... 100
19.090.0
28.181.0
37.29 72.9
46. 56 65 .6
55.959.0
65 .31 53.1
74.78 47.8
84.343.0
93.87 38.7
10 3.49 34.9
11 3.14 31.4
12 2.82 28.2
13 2.54 25.4
14 2.29 22.9
15 2. 06 20 .6
16 1.85 18.5
17 1 .67 16. 7
18 1.515.0
19 ... speed into a certain direction.
J. K
¨
ampf, Ocean Modelling for Beginners,
DOI 10.1007/978-3 -64 2-00820-7
3,
C
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009
17...
.Ocean Modelling for Beginners Phần 4 pptx
... its local form is given by:
∂u
∂x
+
∂v
∂y
+
∂w
∂z
= 0 (3 .64 )
For a linear equation of state and the assumption that eddy diffusivities are the
same for temperature and salinity, we can formulate ... follows a circular path and completes the
3.17 Scaling 61
3. 16. 2 Boundary Conditions for Oceanic Applications
Wind stress operates as a frictional force at the sea surface. The associa...
.Ocean Modelling for Beginners Phần 5 ppt
... ·3
∂
3
f
∂x
3
+··· (4.3)
J. K
¨
ampf, Ocean Modelling for Beginners,
DOI 10.1007/978-3 -64 2-00820-7
4,
C
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009
65
72 4 Long Waves in a Channel
Fig. 4 .6 The control-volume approach. ... algorithm
4.4 .6 Sample Code and Animation Script
FORTRAN simulation codes and Scilab animation scripts for both scenarios can be
found in the folder “Exercise...
.Ocean Modelling for Beginners Phần 7 doc
... equations.
6. 1.2 Implementation of the Coriolis Force
The shallow-water equations are solved in the following steps.
J. K
¨
ampf, Ocean Modelling for Beginners,
DOI 10.1007/978-3 -64 2-00820-7
6,
C
Springer-Verlag ... terms for v are constructed in a similar fashion.
Fig. 5. 16 Illustration of locations of layer-thickness h and u grid points for the discretisation of
the ho...
.Ocean Modelling for Beginners Phần 9 ppsx
... as:
ξ
1
=−
h
H
1
f (6. 66)
Equations (6. 65) and (6. 66) can be combined to yield an equation in the single
variable h; that is,
∂
2
h
∂r
2
=
h
R
2
(6. 67)
where the internal Rossby radius of deformation is ... and Eqs. (6. 56) and (6. 57) can be written as:
∂u
1
∂t
=−g
∂h
1
∂x
(6. 59)
152 6 Rotational Effects
Fig. 6. 20 Illustration for the description of the geostrophic adjustment...
Ocean Modelling for Beginners
... P
∂z
− g
3.7 Forces 27
3.7 Forces
3.7.1 What Forces Do
A non-zero force operates to change the speed and/or the direction of motion of a
flui parcel. In geophysical flui dynamics, forces are conventionally ... existence of apparent forces.
There are two different apparent forces involved in the observed curved path of
the object, namely the centrifugal force and the Coriolis force (Coriolis...